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A 22-Site Comparison of Land-Use Practices, E-coli and Enterococci Concentrations

Land-use practices can greatly impact water quality. Escherichia (E.) coli and Enterococcus are accepted water quality indicators. However, surprisingly little research has been conducted comparing both organisms’ population density relationships to land use practices and water quality. Stream water...

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Autores principales: Hubbart, Jason A., Kellner, Elliott, Petersen, Fritz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9658064/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36360790
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113907
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author Hubbart, Jason A.
Kellner, Elliott
Petersen, Fritz
author_facet Hubbart, Jason A.
Kellner, Elliott
Petersen, Fritz
author_sort Hubbart, Jason A.
collection PubMed
description Land-use practices can greatly impact water quality. Escherichia (E.) coli and Enterococcus are accepted water quality indicators. However, surprisingly little research has been conducted comparing both organisms’ population density relationships to land use practices and water quality. Stream water grab samples were collected monthly (n = 9 months) from 22 stream monitoring sites draining varying land use practice types in a representative mixed-land-use watershed of the northeastern United States. E. coli and enterococci colony forming units (CFU per 100 mL) were estimated (n = 396) and statistically analyzed relative to land use practices, hydroclimate, and pH, using a suite of methods, including correlation analysis, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Correlation analyses indicated significant (p < 0.05) relationships between fecal indicator bacteria concentrations, water quality metrics and land use practices but emphasized significant (p < 0.05) negative correlations between pH and instream enterococci concentrations. PCA and CCA results indicated consistent spatial differences between fecal indicator bacteria concentrations, pH, and land use/land cover characteristics. The study showed that pH could be considered an integrated proxy variable for past (legacy) and present land use practice influences. Results also bring to question the comparability of E-coli and enterococci relative to dominant land use practices and variations in pH and provide useful information that will help guide land use practice and water pollutant mitigation decision making.
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spelling pubmed-96580642022-11-15 A 22-Site Comparison of Land-Use Practices, E-coli and Enterococci Concentrations Hubbart, Jason A. Kellner, Elliott Petersen, Fritz Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Land-use practices can greatly impact water quality. Escherichia (E.) coli and Enterococcus are accepted water quality indicators. However, surprisingly little research has been conducted comparing both organisms’ population density relationships to land use practices and water quality. Stream water grab samples were collected monthly (n = 9 months) from 22 stream monitoring sites draining varying land use practice types in a representative mixed-land-use watershed of the northeastern United States. E. coli and enterococci colony forming units (CFU per 100 mL) were estimated (n = 396) and statistically analyzed relative to land use practices, hydroclimate, and pH, using a suite of methods, including correlation analysis, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Correlation analyses indicated significant (p < 0.05) relationships between fecal indicator bacteria concentrations, water quality metrics and land use practices but emphasized significant (p < 0.05) negative correlations between pH and instream enterococci concentrations. PCA and CCA results indicated consistent spatial differences between fecal indicator bacteria concentrations, pH, and land use/land cover characteristics. The study showed that pH could be considered an integrated proxy variable for past (legacy) and present land use practice influences. Results also bring to question the comparability of E-coli and enterococci relative to dominant land use practices and variations in pH and provide useful information that will help guide land use practice and water pollutant mitigation decision making. MDPI 2022-10-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9658064/ /pubmed/36360790 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113907 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hubbart, Jason A.
Kellner, Elliott
Petersen, Fritz
A 22-Site Comparison of Land-Use Practices, E-coli and Enterococci Concentrations
title A 22-Site Comparison of Land-Use Practices, E-coli and Enterococci Concentrations
title_full A 22-Site Comparison of Land-Use Practices, E-coli and Enterococci Concentrations
title_fullStr A 22-Site Comparison of Land-Use Practices, E-coli and Enterococci Concentrations
title_full_unstemmed A 22-Site Comparison of Land-Use Practices, E-coli and Enterococci Concentrations
title_short A 22-Site Comparison of Land-Use Practices, E-coli and Enterococci Concentrations
title_sort 22-site comparison of land-use practices, e-coli and enterococci concentrations
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9658064/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36360790
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113907
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