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A 22-Site Comparison of Land-Use Practices, E-coli and Enterococci Concentrations
Land-use practices can greatly impact water quality. Escherichia (E.) coli and Enterococcus are accepted water quality indicators. However, surprisingly little research has been conducted comparing both organisms’ population density relationships to land use practices and water quality. Stream water...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9658064/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36360790 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113907 |
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author | Hubbart, Jason A. Kellner, Elliott Petersen, Fritz |
author_facet | Hubbart, Jason A. Kellner, Elliott Petersen, Fritz |
author_sort | Hubbart, Jason A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Land-use practices can greatly impact water quality. Escherichia (E.) coli and Enterococcus are accepted water quality indicators. However, surprisingly little research has been conducted comparing both organisms’ population density relationships to land use practices and water quality. Stream water grab samples were collected monthly (n = 9 months) from 22 stream monitoring sites draining varying land use practice types in a representative mixed-land-use watershed of the northeastern United States. E. coli and enterococci colony forming units (CFU per 100 mL) were estimated (n = 396) and statistically analyzed relative to land use practices, hydroclimate, and pH, using a suite of methods, including correlation analysis, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Correlation analyses indicated significant (p < 0.05) relationships between fecal indicator bacteria concentrations, water quality metrics and land use practices but emphasized significant (p < 0.05) negative correlations between pH and instream enterococci concentrations. PCA and CCA results indicated consistent spatial differences between fecal indicator bacteria concentrations, pH, and land use/land cover characteristics. The study showed that pH could be considered an integrated proxy variable for past (legacy) and present land use practice influences. Results also bring to question the comparability of E-coli and enterococci relative to dominant land use practices and variations in pH and provide useful information that will help guide land use practice and water pollutant mitigation decision making. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9658064 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96580642022-11-15 A 22-Site Comparison of Land-Use Practices, E-coli and Enterococci Concentrations Hubbart, Jason A. Kellner, Elliott Petersen, Fritz Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Land-use practices can greatly impact water quality. Escherichia (E.) coli and Enterococcus are accepted water quality indicators. However, surprisingly little research has been conducted comparing both organisms’ population density relationships to land use practices and water quality. Stream water grab samples were collected monthly (n = 9 months) from 22 stream monitoring sites draining varying land use practice types in a representative mixed-land-use watershed of the northeastern United States. E. coli and enterococci colony forming units (CFU per 100 mL) were estimated (n = 396) and statistically analyzed relative to land use practices, hydroclimate, and pH, using a suite of methods, including correlation analysis, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Correlation analyses indicated significant (p < 0.05) relationships between fecal indicator bacteria concentrations, water quality metrics and land use practices but emphasized significant (p < 0.05) negative correlations between pH and instream enterococci concentrations. PCA and CCA results indicated consistent spatial differences between fecal indicator bacteria concentrations, pH, and land use/land cover characteristics. The study showed that pH could be considered an integrated proxy variable for past (legacy) and present land use practice influences. Results also bring to question the comparability of E-coli and enterococci relative to dominant land use practices and variations in pH and provide useful information that will help guide land use practice and water pollutant mitigation decision making. MDPI 2022-10-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9658064/ /pubmed/36360790 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113907 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hubbart, Jason A. Kellner, Elliott Petersen, Fritz A 22-Site Comparison of Land-Use Practices, E-coli and Enterococci Concentrations |
title | A 22-Site Comparison of Land-Use Practices, E-coli and Enterococci Concentrations |
title_full | A 22-Site Comparison of Land-Use Practices, E-coli and Enterococci Concentrations |
title_fullStr | A 22-Site Comparison of Land-Use Practices, E-coli and Enterococci Concentrations |
title_full_unstemmed | A 22-Site Comparison of Land-Use Practices, E-coli and Enterococci Concentrations |
title_short | A 22-Site Comparison of Land-Use Practices, E-coli and Enterococci Concentrations |
title_sort | 22-site comparison of land-use practices, e-coli and enterococci concentrations |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9658064/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36360790 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113907 |
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