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Graphene Synthesis Techniques and Environmental Applications
Graphene is fundamentally a two-dimensional material with extraordinary optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical characteristics. It has a versatile surface chemistry and large surface area. It is a carbon nanomaterial, which comprises sp(2) hybridized carbon atoms placed in a hexagonal lattice...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9658785/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36363396 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217804 |
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author | Abbas, Qaisar Shinde, Pragati A. Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali Alami, Abdul Hai Mirzaeian, Mojtaba Yadav, Arti Olabi, Abdul Ghani |
author_facet | Abbas, Qaisar Shinde, Pragati A. Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali Alami, Abdul Hai Mirzaeian, Mojtaba Yadav, Arti Olabi, Abdul Ghani |
author_sort | Abbas, Qaisar |
collection | PubMed |
description | Graphene is fundamentally a two-dimensional material with extraordinary optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical characteristics. It has a versatile surface chemistry and large surface area. It is a carbon nanomaterial, which comprises sp(2) hybridized carbon atoms placed in a hexagonal lattice with one-atom thickness, giving it a two-dimensional structure. A large number of synthesis techniques including epitaxial growth, liquid phase exfoliation, electrochemical exfoliation, mechanical exfoliation, and chemical vapor deposition are used for the synthesis of graphene. Graphene prepared using different techniques can have a number of benefits and deficiencies depending on its application. This study provides a summary of graphene preparation techniques and critically assesses the use of graphene, its derivates, and composites in environmental applications. These applications include the use of graphene as membrane material for the detoxication and purification of water, active material for gas sensing, heavy metal ions detection, and CO(2) conversion. Furthermore, a trend analysis of both synthesis techniques and environmental applications of graphene has been performed by extracting and analyzing Scopus data from the past ten years. Finally, conclusions and outlook are provided to address the residual challenges related to the synthesis of the material and its use for environmental applications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9658785 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96587852022-11-15 Graphene Synthesis Techniques and Environmental Applications Abbas, Qaisar Shinde, Pragati A. Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali Alami, Abdul Hai Mirzaeian, Mojtaba Yadav, Arti Olabi, Abdul Ghani Materials (Basel) Review Graphene is fundamentally a two-dimensional material with extraordinary optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical characteristics. It has a versatile surface chemistry and large surface area. It is a carbon nanomaterial, which comprises sp(2) hybridized carbon atoms placed in a hexagonal lattice with one-atom thickness, giving it a two-dimensional structure. A large number of synthesis techniques including epitaxial growth, liquid phase exfoliation, electrochemical exfoliation, mechanical exfoliation, and chemical vapor deposition are used for the synthesis of graphene. Graphene prepared using different techniques can have a number of benefits and deficiencies depending on its application. This study provides a summary of graphene preparation techniques and critically assesses the use of graphene, its derivates, and composites in environmental applications. These applications include the use of graphene as membrane material for the detoxication and purification of water, active material for gas sensing, heavy metal ions detection, and CO(2) conversion. Furthermore, a trend analysis of both synthesis techniques and environmental applications of graphene has been performed by extracting and analyzing Scopus data from the past ten years. Finally, conclusions and outlook are provided to address the residual challenges related to the synthesis of the material and its use for environmental applications. MDPI 2022-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9658785/ /pubmed/36363396 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217804 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Abbas, Qaisar Shinde, Pragati A. Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali Alami, Abdul Hai Mirzaeian, Mojtaba Yadav, Arti Olabi, Abdul Ghani Graphene Synthesis Techniques and Environmental Applications |
title | Graphene Synthesis Techniques and Environmental Applications |
title_full | Graphene Synthesis Techniques and Environmental Applications |
title_fullStr | Graphene Synthesis Techniques and Environmental Applications |
title_full_unstemmed | Graphene Synthesis Techniques and Environmental Applications |
title_short | Graphene Synthesis Techniques and Environmental Applications |
title_sort | graphene synthesis techniques and environmental applications |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9658785/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36363396 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217804 |
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