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Nanomechanical Mapping of Hard Tissues by Atomic Force Microscopy: An Application to Cortical Bone

Force mapping of biological tissues via atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes the mechanical properties of samples within a given topography, revealing the interplay between tissue organization and nanometer-level composition. Despite considerable attention to soft biological samples, constructing el...

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Autores principales: Bontempi, Marco, Salamanna, Francesca, Capozza, Rosario, Visani, Andrea, Fini, Milena, Gambardella, Alessandro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9659036/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36363104
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217512
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author Bontempi, Marco
Salamanna, Francesca
Capozza, Rosario
Visani, Andrea
Fini, Milena
Gambardella, Alessandro
author_facet Bontempi, Marco
Salamanna, Francesca
Capozza, Rosario
Visani, Andrea
Fini, Milena
Gambardella, Alessandro
author_sort Bontempi, Marco
collection PubMed
description Force mapping of biological tissues via atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes the mechanical properties of samples within a given topography, revealing the interplay between tissue organization and nanometer-level composition. Despite considerable attention to soft biological samples, constructing elasticity maps on hard tissues is not routine for standard AFM equipment due to the difficulty of interpreting nanoindentation data in light of the available models of surface deformation. To tackle this issue, we proposed a protocol to construct elasticity maps of surfaces up to several GPa in moduli by AFM nanoindentation using standard experimental conditions (air operation, nanometrically sharp spherical tips, and cantilever stiffness below 30 N/m). We showed how to process both elastic and inelastic sample deformations simultaneously and independently and quantify the degree of elasticity of the sample to decide which regime is more suitable for moduli calculation. Afterwards, we used the frequency distributions of Young’s moduli to quantitatively assess differences between sample regions different for structure and composition, and to evaluate the presence of mechanical inhomogeneities. We tested our method on histological sections of sheep cortical bone, measuring the mechanical response of different osseous districts, and mapped the surface down to the single collagen fibril level.
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spelling pubmed-96590362022-11-15 Nanomechanical Mapping of Hard Tissues by Atomic Force Microscopy: An Application to Cortical Bone Bontempi, Marco Salamanna, Francesca Capozza, Rosario Visani, Andrea Fini, Milena Gambardella, Alessandro Materials (Basel) Article Force mapping of biological tissues via atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes the mechanical properties of samples within a given topography, revealing the interplay between tissue organization and nanometer-level composition. Despite considerable attention to soft biological samples, constructing elasticity maps on hard tissues is not routine for standard AFM equipment due to the difficulty of interpreting nanoindentation data in light of the available models of surface deformation. To tackle this issue, we proposed a protocol to construct elasticity maps of surfaces up to several GPa in moduli by AFM nanoindentation using standard experimental conditions (air operation, nanometrically sharp spherical tips, and cantilever stiffness below 30 N/m). We showed how to process both elastic and inelastic sample deformations simultaneously and independently and quantify the degree of elasticity of the sample to decide which regime is more suitable for moduli calculation. Afterwards, we used the frequency distributions of Young’s moduli to quantitatively assess differences between sample regions different for structure and composition, and to evaluate the presence of mechanical inhomogeneities. We tested our method on histological sections of sheep cortical bone, measuring the mechanical response of different osseous districts, and mapped the surface down to the single collagen fibril level. MDPI 2022-10-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9659036/ /pubmed/36363104 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217512 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Bontempi, Marco
Salamanna, Francesca
Capozza, Rosario
Visani, Andrea
Fini, Milena
Gambardella, Alessandro
Nanomechanical Mapping of Hard Tissues by Atomic Force Microscopy: An Application to Cortical Bone
title Nanomechanical Mapping of Hard Tissues by Atomic Force Microscopy: An Application to Cortical Bone
title_full Nanomechanical Mapping of Hard Tissues by Atomic Force Microscopy: An Application to Cortical Bone
title_fullStr Nanomechanical Mapping of Hard Tissues by Atomic Force Microscopy: An Application to Cortical Bone
title_full_unstemmed Nanomechanical Mapping of Hard Tissues by Atomic Force Microscopy: An Application to Cortical Bone
title_short Nanomechanical Mapping of Hard Tissues by Atomic Force Microscopy: An Application to Cortical Bone
title_sort nanomechanical mapping of hard tissues by atomic force microscopy: an application to cortical bone
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9659036/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36363104
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217512
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