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A review of the modern principles and applications of solid-phase extraction techniques in chromatographic analysis

Analytical processes involving sample preparation, separation, and quantifying analytes in complex mixtures are indispensable in modern-day analysis. Each step is crucial to enriching correct and informative results. Therefore, sample preparation is the critical factor that determines both the accur...

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Autores principales: Badawy, Mohamed E. I., El-Nouby, Mahmoud A. M., Kimani, Paul K., Lim, Lee W., Rabea, Entsar I.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Nature Singapore 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9659506/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36198988
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44211-022-00190-8
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author Badawy, Mohamed E. I.
El-Nouby, Mahmoud A. M.
Kimani, Paul K.
Lim, Lee W.
Rabea, Entsar I.
author_facet Badawy, Mohamed E. I.
El-Nouby, Mahmoud A. M.
Kimani, Paul K.
Lim, Lee W.
Rabea, Entsar I.
author_sort Badawy, Mohamed E. I.
collection PubMed
description Analytical processes involving sample preparation, separation, and quantifying analytes in complex mixtures are indispensable in modern-day analysis. Each step is crucial to enriching correct and informative results. Therefore, sample preparation is the critical factor that determines both the accuracy and the time consumption of a sample analysis process. Recently, several promising sample preparation approaches have been made available with environmentally friendly technologies with high performance. As a result of its many advantages, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is practiced in many different fields in addition to the traditional methods. The SPE is an alternative method to liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), which eliminates several disadvantages, including many organic solvents, a lengthy operation time and numerous steps, potential sources of error, and high costs. SPE advanced sorbent technology reorients with various functions depending on the structure of extraction sorbents, including reversed-phase, normal-phase, cation exchange, anion exchange, and mixed-mode. In addition, the commercial SPE systems are disposable. Still, with the continual developments, the restricted access materials (RAM) and molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) are fabricated to be active reusable extraction cartridges. This review will discuss all the theoretical and practical principles of the SPE techniques, focusing on packing materials, different forms, and performing factors in recent and future advances. The information about novel methodological and instrumental solutions in relation to different variants of SPE techniques, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME), and magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) is presented. The integration of SPE with analytical chromatographic techniques such as LC and GC is also indicated. Furthermore, the applications of these techniques are discussed in detail along with their advantages in analyzing pharmaceuticals, biological samples, natural compounds, pesticides, and environmental pollutants, as well as foods and beverages. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text]
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spelling pubmed-96595062022-11-15 A review of the modern principles and applications of solid-phase extraction techniques in chromatographic analysis Badawy, Mohamed E. I. El-Nouby, Mahmoud A. M. Kimani, Paul K. Lim, Lee W. Rabea, Entsar I. Anal Sci Review Analytical processes involving sample preparation, separation, and quantifying analytes in complex mixtures are indispensable in modern-day analysis. Each step is crucial to enriching correct and informative results. Therefore, sample preparation is the critical factor that determines both the accuracy and the time consumption of a sample analysis process. Recently, several promising sample preparation approaches have been made available with environmentally friendly technologies with high performance. As a result of its many advantages, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is practiced in many different fields in addition to the traditional methods. The SPE is an alternative method to liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), which eliminates several disadvantages, including many organic solvents, a lengthy operation time and numerous steps, potential sources of error, and high costs. SPE advanced sorbent technology reorients with various functions depending on the structure of extraction sorbents, including reversed-phase, normal-phase, cation exchange, anion exchange, and mixed-mode. In addition, the commercial SPE systems are disposable. Still, with the continual developments, the restricted access materials (RAM) and molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) are fabricated to be active reusable extraction cartridges. This review will discuss all the theoretical and practical principles of the SPE techniques, focusing on packing materials, different forms, and performing factors in recent and future advances. The information about novel methodological and instrumental solutions in relation to different variants of SPE techniques, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME), and magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) is presented. The integration of SPE with analytical chromatographic techniques such as LC and GC is also indicated. Furthermore, the applications of these techniques are discussed in detail along with their advantages in analyzing pharmaceuticals, biological samples, natural compounds, pesticides, and environmental pollutants, as well as foods and beverages. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] Springer Nature Singapore 2022-10-05 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9659506/ /pubmed/36198988 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44211-022-00190-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review
Badawy, Mohamed E. I.
El-Nouby, Mahmoud A. M.
Kimani, Paul K.
Lim, Lee W.
Rabea, Entsar I.
A review of the modern principles and applications of solid-phase extraction techniques in chromatographic analysis
title A review of the modern principles and applications of solid-phase extraction techniques in chromatographic analysis
title_full A review of the modern principles and applications of solid-phase extraction techniques in chromatographic analysis
title_fullStr A review of the modern principles and applications of solid-phase extraction techniques in chromatographic analysis
title_full_unstemmed A review of the modern principles and applications of solid-phase extraction techniques in chromatographic analysis
title_short A review of the modern principles and applications of solid-phase extraction techniques in chromatographic analysis
title_sort review of the modern principles and applications of solid-phase extraction techniques in chromatographic analysis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9659506/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36198988
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44211-022-00190-8
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