Clinical Manifestation and Epidemiological Finding of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Unusual Areas of Body in Neonates: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: This study intends to increase awareness on the clinical and laboratory diagnosis as well as health care of newborns with trichomoniasis from infected mothers, to introduce this organism as a respiratory pathogen with lower prevalence in other areas, and to outline its manifestations and symptoms. METHODS: All case report articles in English language regarding the presence of T. vaginalisin unusual areas among infants, which were available in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Google scholar, and Web of Science published between 1980 and 2021 were searched and reported by two independent researchers. Titles and abstracts of all articles were reviewed for initial screening. RESULTS: After searching the articles and evaluating their quality, 9 full text articles were selected. All reported cases were from 8 different cities (4 countries) in the world. In most cases, the parasite was in the respiratory tract, but it was also reported in the brain and urogenital tract. The most common clinical symptom was respiratory distress. CONCLUSION: Although the possibility of trichomoniasis infection in unusual areas such as genitals is low, according to the reports collected from around the world, this parasite can also be present outside the genitals. Perhaps, reviewing trichomoniasis along with other diagnoses in these cases may lead to early diagnosis and treatment of the affected neonates.