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The ventilatory response to hypoxia is blunted in some preterm infants during the second year of life
BACKGROUND: Preterm birth and subsequent neonatal ventilatory treatment disrupts development of the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). An attenuated HVR has been identified in preterm neonates, however it is unknown whether the attenuation persists into the second year of life. We investigated the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9661422/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36389388 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.974643 |
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author | Freislich, Zoe Stoecklin, Benjamin Hemy, Naomi Pillow, J. Jane Hall, Graham L. Wilson, Andrew C. Simpson, Shannon J. |
author_facet | Freislich, Zoe Stoecklin, Benjamin Hemy, Naomi Pillow, J. Jane Hall, Graham L. Wilson, Andrew C. Simpson, Shannon J. |
author_sort | Freislich, Zoe |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Preterm birth and subsequent neonatal ventilatory treatment disrupts development of the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). An attenuated HVR has been identified in preterm neonates, however it is unknown whether the attenuation persists into the second year of life. We investigated the HVR at 12–15 months corrected postnatal age and assessed predictors of a blunted HVR in those born very preterm (<32 weeks gestation). METHODS: HVR was measured in infants born very preterm. Hypoxia was induced with a three-step reduction in their fraction of inspired oxygen (F(I)O(2)) from 0.21 to 0.14. Respiratory frequency (f), tidal volume (V(T)), minute ventilation (V(E)), inspiratory time (t(I)), expiratory time (t(E)), V(T)/t(I), t(I)/t(TOT), V(T)/t(TOT), area under the low-volume loop and peak tidal expiratory flow (PTEF) were measured at the first and third minute of each F(I)O(2). The change in respiratory variables over time was assessed using a repeated measures ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser correction. A blunted HVR was defined as a <10% rise in V(E), from normoxia. The relationship between neonatal factors and the magnitude of HVR was assessed using Spearman correlation. RESULTS: Thirty nine infants born very preterm demonstrated a mean (SD) HVR of 11.4 (10.1)% (increase in V(E)) in response to decreasing F(I)O(2) from 0.21 to 0.14. However, 17 infants (44%) failed to increase V(E) by ≥10% (range −14% to 9%) and were considered to have a blunted response to hypoxia. Males had a smaller HVR than females [ΔV(E) (−9.1%; −15.4, −2.8; p = 0.007)]. CONCLUSION: Infants surviving very preterm birth have an attenuated ventilatory response to hypoxia that persists into the second year of life, especially in males. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9661422 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96614222022-11-15 The ventilatory response to hypoxia is blunted in some preterm infants during the second year of life Freislich, Zoe Stoecklin, Benjamin Hemy, Naomi Pillow, J. Jane Hall, Graham L. Wilson, Andrew C. Simpson, Shannon J. Front Pediatr Pediatrics BACKGROUND: Preterm birth and subsequent neonatal ventilatory treatment disrupts development of the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). An attenuated HVR has been identified in preterm neonates, however it is unknown whether the attenuation persists into the second year of life. We investigated the HVR at 12–15 months corrected postnatal age and assessed predictors of a blunted HVR in those born very preterm (<32 weeks gestation). METHODS: HVR was measured in infants born very preterm. Hypoxia was induced with a three-step reduction in their fraction of inspired oxygen (F(I)O(2)) from 0.21 to 0.14. Respiratory frequency (f), tidal volume (V(T)), minute ventilation (V(E)), inspiratory time (t(I)), expiratory time (t(E)), V(T)/t(I), t(I)/t(TOT), V(T)/t(TOT), area under the low-volume loop and peak tidal expiratory flow (PTEF) were measured at the first and third minute of each F(I)O(2). The change in respiratory variables over time was assessed using a repeated measures ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser correction. A blunted HVR was defined as a <10% rise in V(E), from normoxia. The relationship between neonatal factors and the magnitude of HVR was assessed using Spearman correlation. RESULTS: Thirty nine infants born very preterm demonstrated a mean (SD) HVR of 11.4 (10.1)% (increase in V(E)) in response to decreasing F(I)O(2) from 0.21 to 0.14. However, 17 infants (44%) failed to increase V(E) by ≥10% (range −14% to 9%) and were considered to have a blunted response to hypoxia. Males had a smaller HVR than females [ΔV(E) (−9.1%; −15.4, −2.8; p = 0.007)]. CONCLUSION: Infants surviving very preterm birth have an attenuated ventilatory response to hypoxia that persists into the second year of life, especially in males. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-10-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9661422/ /pubmed/36389388 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.974643 Text en © 2022 Freislich, Stoecklin, Hemy, Pillow, Hall, Wilson and Simpson. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Pediatrics Freislich, Zoe Stoecklin, Benjamin Hemy, Naomi Pillow, J. Jane Hall, Graham L. Wilson, Andrew C. Simpson, Shannon J. The ventilatory response to hypoxia is blunted in some preterm infants during the second year of life |
title | The ventilatory response to hypoxia is blunted in some preterm infants during the second year of life |
title_full | The ventilatory response to hypoxia is blunted in some preterm infants during the second year of life |
title_fullStr | The ventilatory response to hypoxia is blunted in some preterm infants during the second year of life |
title_full_unstemmed | The ventilatory response to hypoxia is blunted in some preterm infants during the second year of life |
title_short | The ventilatory response to hypoxia is blunted in some preterm infants during the second year of life |
title_sort | ventilatory response to hypoxia is blunted in some preterm infants during the second year of life |
topic | Pediatrics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9661422/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36389388 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.974643 |
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