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An Overview of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Pathogenesis, Classification, and Management
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement. It is multifactorial and involves epigenetic, genetic, ecological, and environmental factors. Primarily it leads to activation of both innate and adaptive immunity, which consequently leads to autoreacti...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cureus
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9662848/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36407159 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.30330 |
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author | Ameer, Muhammad Atif Chaudhry, Haroon Mushtaq, Javaria Khan, Osama S Babar, Maham Hashim, Tehmina Zeb, Saima Tariq, Muhammad Ali Patlolla, Sridhar Reddy Ali, Junaid Hashim, Syeda Nafeesa Hashim, Sana |
author_facet | Ameer, Muhammad Atif Chaudhry, Haroon Mushtaq, Javaria Khan, Osama S Babar, Maham Hashim, Tehmina Zeb, Saima Tariq, Muhammad Ali Patlolla, Sridhar Reddy Ali, Junaid Hashim, Syeda Nafeesa Hashim, Sana |
author_sort | Ameer, Muhammad Atif |
collection | PubMed |
description | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement. It is multifactorial and involves epigenetic, genetic, ecological, and environmental factors. Primarily it leads to activation of both innate and adaptive immunity, which consequently leads to autoreactive B cell activation by T cells and leads to immune complexes deposition in tissues leading to an autoimmune cascade that may be limited to the single organ or can cause a widespread systemic involvement. SLE is heterogeneous in presentation, with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from clinically mild self-resolving symptoms to severe life-threatening organ involvement. Clinical and serological heterogeneity are critical features in SLE, posing a significant challenge in its diagnosis. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are the telltale serological marker in more than 95% of SLE patients. The improved set of European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) classification enabled accurate diagnosis of SLE. The treatment focuses on remission, preventing organ damage, and improving the overall quality of life. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9662848 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Cureus |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96628482022-11-17 An Overview of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Pathogenesis, Classification, and Management Ameer, Muhammad Atif Chaudhry, Haroon Mushtaq, Javaria Khan, Osama S Babar, Maham Hashim, Tehmina Zeb, Saima Tariq, Muhammad Ali Patlolla, Sridhar Reddy Ali, Junaid Hashim, Syeda Nafeesa Hashim, Sana Cureus Internal Medicine Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement. It is multifactorial and involves epigenetic, genetic, ecological, and environmental factors. Primarily it leads to activation of both innate and adaptive immunity, which consequently leads to autoreactive B cell activation by T cells and leads to immune complexes deposition in tissues leading to an autoimmune cascade that may be limited to the single organ or can cause a widespread systemic involvement. SLE is heterogeneous in presentation, with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from clinically mild self-resolving symptoms to severe life-threatening organ involvement. Clinical and serological heterogeneity are critical features in SLE, posing a significant challenge in its diagnosis. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are the telltale serological marker in more than 95% of SLE patients. The improved set of European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) classification enabled accurate diagnosis of SLE. The treatment focuses on remission, preventing organ damage, and improving the overall quality of life. Cureus 2022-10-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9662848/ /pubmed/36407159 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.30330 Text en Copyright © 2022, Ameer et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Internal Medicine Ameer, Muhammad Atif Chaudhry, Haroon Mushtaq, Javaria Khan, Osama S Babar, Maham Hashim, Tehmina Zeb, Saima Tariq, Muhammad Ali Patlolla, Sridhar Reddy Ali, Junaid Hashim, Syeda Nafeesa Hashim, Sana An Overview of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Pathogenesis, Classification, and Management |
title | An Overview of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Pathogenesis, Classification, and Management |
title_full | An Overview of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Pathogenesis, Classification, and Management |
title_fullStr | An Overview of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Pathogenesis, Classification, and Management |
title_full_unstemmed | An Overview of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Pathogenesis, Classification, and Management |
title_short | An Overview of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Pathogenesis, Classification, and Management |
title_sort | overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) pathogenesis, classification, and management |
topic | Internal Medicine |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9662848/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36407159 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.30330 |
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