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The role of the mTOR pathway in diabetic retinopathy
The retina, the part of the eye, translates the light signal into an electric current that can be sent to the brain as visual information. To achieve this, the retina requires fine-tuned vascularization for its energy supply. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) causes alterations in the eye vascularization th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9663464/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36388931 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.973856 |
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author | Casciano, Fabio Zauli, Enrico Rimondi, Erika Mura, Marco Previati, Maurizio Busin, Massimo Zauli, Giorgio |
author_facet | Casciano, Fabio Zauli, Enrico Rimondi, Erika Mura, Marco Previati, Maurizio Busin, Massimo Zauli, Giorgio |
author_sort | Casciano, Fabio |
collection | PubMed |
description | The retina, the part of the eye, translates the light signal into an electric current that can be sent to the brain as visual information. To achieve this, the retina requires fine-tuned vascularization for its energy supply. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) causes alterations in the eye vascularization that reduce the oxygen supply with consequent retinal neurodegeneration. During DR, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway seems to coordinate retinal neurodegeneration with multiple anabolic and catabolic processes, such as autophagy, oxidative stress, cell death, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are closely related to chronic hyperglycemia. This review outlines the normal anatomy of the retina and how hyperglycemia can be involved in the neurodegeneration underlying this disease through over activation or inhibition of the mTOR pathway. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9663464 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96634642022-11-15 The role of the mTOR pathway in diabetic retinopathy Casciano, Fabio Zauli, Enrico Rimondi, Erika Mura, Marco Previati, Maurizio Busin, Massimo Zauli, Giorgio Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine The retina, the part of the eye, translates the light signal into an electric current that can be sent to the brain as visual information. To achieve this, the retina requires fine-tuned vascularization for its energy supply. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) causes alterations in the eye vascularization that reduce the oxygen supply with consequent retinal neurodegeneration. During DR, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway seems to coordinate retinal neurodegeneration with multiple anabolic and catabolic processes, such as autophagy, oxidative stress, cell death, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are closely related to chronic hyperglycemia. This review outlines the normal anatomy of the retina and how hyperglycemia can be involved in the neurodegeneration underlying this disease through over activation or inhibition of the mTOR pathway. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-11-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9663464/ /pubmed/36388931 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.973856 Text en Copyright © 2022 Casciano, Zauli, Rimondi, Mura, Previati, Busin and Zauli. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Medicine Casciano, Fabio Zauli, Enrico Rimondi, Erika Mura, Marco Previati, Maurizio Busin, Massimo Zauli, Giorgio The role of the mTOR pathway in diabetic retinopathy |
title | The role of the mTOR pathway in diabetic retinopathy |
title_full | The role of the mTOR pathway in diabetic retinopathy |
title_fullStr | The role of the mTOR pathway in diabetic retinopathy |
title_full_unstemmed | The role of the mTOR pathway in diabetic retinopathy |
title_short | The role of the mTOR pathway in diabetic retinopathy |
title_sort | role of the mtor pathway in diabetic retinopathy |
topic | Medicine |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9663464/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36388931 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.973856 |
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