Extraction and mapping of downpour impact and their Cumulonimbus origin, 20 May 2020, Vâlcea (Romania) via Sentinnel-1 SAR dual polarization

The aim of this work is to study the impact and characteristics of the meteorological phenomenon that occurred on May 20, 2020 in Vâlcea County, Romania. For this purpose, we used SAR radar images from the Sentinel-1 series at different dates, before, during and after the event. The methodology consists in exploiting and combining the two polarisations, VV and VH, of the recorded radar wave. The results obtained can be summarised as the extraction of areas completely covered by water and areas characterised by high roughness and very high humidity. The latter (roughness/humidity) can have two different origins. The first one corresponds to an area affected by downpours, giving a high roughness due to the interaction of water drops with the ground and also to the presence of hail, amplified by the wind factor. On the other hand, the second one coincides, quite simply, with the presence of a thundercloud, precisely a Cumulonimbus, which formed in that particular place as a result of the favourable geomorphological characteristics and meteorological conditions, giving a high humidity due to the high water content. We also determined the total impacted area of about 96.71 km(2), whose 60.17 km(2) of water covered area, which is 2.45% of the study area. The remaining 36.54 km(2) (1.49%) represents the affected rough surface, located in the plain, or the humid surface corresponding to the area of the Cumulonimbus head covering the plain.