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Refining manual annotation effort of acoustic data to estimate bird species richness and composition: The role of duration, intensity, and time

Manually annotating audio files for bird species richness estimation or machine learning validation is a time‐intensive task. A premium is placed on the subselection of files that will maximize the efficiency of unique additional species identified, to be used for future analyses. Using acoustic dat...

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Autores principales: Shaw, Taylor, Schönamsgruber, Sina‐Rebekka, Cordeiro Pereira, João M., Mikusiński, Grzegorz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9663670/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36398198
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9491
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author Shaw, Taylor
Schönamsgruber, Sina‐Rebekka
Cordeiro Pereira, João M.
Mikusiński, Grzegorz
author_facet Shaw, Taylor
Schönamsgruber, Sina‐Rebekka
Cordeiro Pereira, João M.
Mikusiński, Grzegorz
author_sort Shaw, Taylor
collection PubMed
description Manually annotating audio files for bird species richness estimation or machine learning validation is a time‐intensive task. A premium is placed on the subselection of files that will maximize the efficiency of unique additional species identified, to be used for future analyses. Using acoustic data collected in 17 plots, we created 60 subsetting scenarios across three gradients: intensity (minutes in an hour), day phase (dawn, morning, or both), and duration (number of days) for manual annotation. We analyzed the effect of these variables on observed bird species richness and assemblage composition at both the local and entire study area scale. For reference, results were also compared to richness and composition estimated by the traditional point count method. Intensity, day phase, and duration all affected observed richness in decreasing respective order. These variables also significantly affected observed assemblage composition (in the same order of effect size), but only the day phase produced compositional dissimilarity that was due to phenological traits of individual bird species, rather than differences in species richness. All annotation scenarios requiring equal sampling effort to point counts yielded higher species richness than the point count method. Our results show that a great majority of species can be obtained by annotating files at high sampling intensities (every 3 or 6 min) in the morning period (post‐dawn) over a duration of two days. Depending on a study's aim, different subsetting parameters will produce different assemblage compositions, potentially omitting rare or crepuscular species, species representing additional functional groups and natural history guilds, or species of higher conservation concern. We do not recommend one particular subsetting regime for all research objectives, but rather present multiple scenarios for researchers to understand how intensity, day phase, and duration interact to identify the best subsetting regime for one's particular research interests.
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spelling pubmed-96636702022-11-16 Refining manual annotation effort of acoustic data to estimate bird species richness and composition: The role of duration, intensity, and time Shaw, Taylor Schönamsgruber, Sina‐Rebekka Cordeiro Pereira, João M. Mikusiński, Grzegorz Ecol Evol Research Articles Manually annotating audio files for bird species richness estimation or machine learning validation is a time‐intensive task. A premium is placed on the subselection of files that will maximize the efficiency of unique additional species identified, to be used for future analyses. Using acoustic data collected in 17 plots, we created 60 subsetting scenarios across three gradients: intensity (minutes in an hour), day phase (dawn, morning, or both), and duration (number of days) for manual annotation. We analyzed the effect of these variables on observed bird species richness and assemblage composition at both the local and entire study area scale. For reference, results were also compared to richness and composition estimated by the traditional point count method. Intensity, day phase, and duration all affected observed richness in decreasing respective order. These variables also significantly affected observed assemblage composition (in the same order of effect size), but only the day phase produced compositional dissimilarity that was due to phenological traits of individual bird species, rather than differences in species richness. All annotation scenarios requiring equal sampling effort to point counts yielded higher species richness than the point count method. Our results show that a great majority of species can be obtained by annotating files at high sampling intensities (every 3 or 6 min) in the morning period (post‐dawn) over a duration of two days. Depending on a study's aim, different subsetting parameters will produce different assemblage compositions, potentially omitting rare or crepuscular species, species representing additional functional groups and natural history guilds, or species of higher conservation concern. We do not recommend one particular subsetting regime for all research objectives, but rather present multiple scenarios for researchers to understand how intensity, day phase, and duration interact to identify the best subsetting regime for one's particular research interests. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9663670/ /pubmed/36398198 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9491 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Shaw, Taylor
Schönamsgruber, Sina‐Rebekka
Cordeiro Pereira, João M.
Mikusiński, Grzegorz
Refining manual annotation effort of acoustic data to estimate bird species richness and composition: The role of duration, intensity, and time
title Refining manual annotation effort of acoustic data to estimate bird species richness and composition: The role of duration, intensity, and time
title_full Refining manual annotation effort of acoustic data to estimate bird species richness and composition: The role of duration, intensity, and time
title_fullStr Refining manual annotation effort of acoustic data to estimate bird species richness and composition: The role of duration, intensity, and time
title_full_unstemmed Refining manual annotation effort of acoustic data to estimate bird species richness and composition: The role of duration, intensity, and time
title_short Refining manual annotation effort of acoustic data to estimate bird species richness and composition: The role of duration, intensity, and time
title_sort refining manual annotation effort of acoustic data to estimate bird species richness and composition: the role of duration, intensity, and time
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9663670/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36398198
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9491
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