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The impact of built and socio-economic environment factors on Covid-19 transmission at the ZIP-code level in Florida

Most studies have explored the Covid-19 outbreak by mainly focusing on restrictive public policies, human health, and behaviors at the macro level. However, the impacts of built and socio-economic environments, accounting for spatial effects on the spread at the local levels, have not been thoroughl...

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Autor principal: Tepe, Emre
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier Ltd. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9663736/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36410149
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116806
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author Tepe, Emre
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description Most studies have explored the Covid-19 outbreak by mainly focusing on restrictive public policies, human health, and behaviors at the macro level. However, the impacts of built and socio-economic environments, accounting for spatial effects on the spread at the local levels, have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, the relationships between the spatial spread of the virus and various indicators of the built and socio-economic environments are investigated, using Florida ZIP-code data on accumulated cases before large-scale vaccination campaigns began in 2021. Spatial regression models are used to account for the spatial dependencies and interactions that are core factors in Covid-19 spread. This study reveals both the spillover dynamics of the coronavirus spread at the ZIP code level and the existence of spatial dependencies among the unobserved variables represented by the error term. In addition, the findings show a positive association between the expected number of Covid-19 cases and specific land uses, such as education facilities and retail densities. Finally, the study highlights critical socio-economic characteristics causing a substantial increase in Covid-19 spread. Such results could help policymakers, public health experts, and urban planners design strategies to mitigate the spread of future Covid-19-like diseases.
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spelling pubmed-96637362022-11-14 The impact of built and socio-economic environment factors on Covid-19 transmission at the ZIP-code level in Florida Tepe, Emre J Environ Manage Research Article Most studies have explored the Covid-19 outbreak by mainly focusing on restrictive public policies, human health, and behaviors at the macro level. However, the impacts of built and socio-economic environments, accounting for spatial effects on the spread at the local levels, have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, the relationships between the spatial spread of the virus and various indicators of the built and socio-economic environments are investigated, using Florida ZIP-code data on accumulated cases before large-scale vaccination campaigns began in 2021. Spatial regression models are used to account for the spatial dependencies and interactions that are core factors in Covid-19 spread. This study reveals both the spillover dynamics of the coronavirus spread at the ZIP code level and the existence of spatial dependencies among the unobserved variables represented by the error term. In addition, the findings show a positive association between the expected number of Covid-19 cases and specific land uses, such as education facilities and retail densities. Finally, the study highlights critical socio-economic characteristics causing a substantial increase in Covid-19 spread. Such results could help policymakers, public health experts, and urban planners design strategies to mitigate the spread of future Covid-19-like diseases. Elsevier Ltd. 2023-01-15 2022-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9663736/ /pubmed/36410149 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116806 Text en © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Research Article
Tepe, Emre
The impact of built and socio-economic environment factors on Covid-19 transmission at the ZIP-code level in Florida
title The impact of built and socio-economic environment factors on Covid-19 transmission at the ZIP-code level in Florida
title_full The impact of built and socio-economic environment factors on Covid-19 transmission at the ZIP-code level in Florida
title_fullStr The impact of built and socio-economic environment factors on Covid-19 transmission at the ZIP-code level in Florida
title_full_unstemmed The impact of built and socio-economic environment factors on Covid-19 transmission at the ZIP-code level in Florida
title_short The impact of built and socio-economic environment factors on Covid-19 transmission at the ZIP-code level in Florida
title_sort impact of built and socio-economic environment factors on covid-19 transmission at the zip-code level in florida
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9663736/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36410149
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116806
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