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Effects of mixed-cooling strategies on executive functions in simulated tennis in hot and humid conditions

This study aimed to investigate the effects of mixed-cooling strategies, which combines external (cooling vest + neck cooled collar) and internal cooling (cold sports drink ingestion) on measures of executive function during simulated tennis in hot/humid conditions. In a counterbalanced design (rand...

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Autores principales: Wen, Minglang, Liu, Guozheng, Li, Wencan, Xie, Tao, Zhang, Yukun, Qin, Fei, Zhao, Jiexiu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9663926/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36388113
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1008710
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author Wen, Minglang
Liu, Guozheng
Li, Wencan
Xie, Tao
Zhang, Yukun
Qin, Fei
Zhao, Jiexiu
author_facet Wen, Minglang
Liu, Guozheng
Li, Wencan
Xie, Tao
Zhang, Yukun
Qin, Fei
Zhao, Jiexiu
author_sort Wen, Minglang
collection PubMed
description This study aimed to investigate the effects of mixed-cooling strategies, which combines external (cooling vest + neck cooled collar) and internal cooling (cold sports drink ingestion) on measures of executive function during simulated tennis in hot/humid conditions. In a counterbalanced design (randomised order), eight males undertook two trials [one with the mixed-cooling strategy, (MCOOL condition) and another without (CON condition)] in a climate chamber (36.5°C, 50% relative humidity). All subjects completed an intermittent treadmill protocol simulating a three-set tennis match with a 90-second break during odd-numbered games and 120-second breaks between sets, in accordance with the activity profile and International Tennis Federation rules. The mixed-cooling strategies were adopted before test and break time during the simulated tennis match. Stroop task, 2-back task, More-odd shifting task, gastrointestinal temperature (Tgi), skin temperature, blood lactic acid (BLA), heart rate, urine specific gravity (USG), sweat rate (SR), thermal sensation (TS) and perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. Results showed that the mean exercise time was longer in the MCOOL condition than in the CON condition. The SR was greater in CON trial compared with that in MCOOL trial. Results of two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures revealed that time×condition interactions were significant in BLA, Stroop response time, and switch cost of the more-odd shifting task. There were main effects of condition for Tgi, HR, TS, RPE, BLA, Stroop response time, and switch cost of the more-odd shifting task. In a hot/wet environment, pre- and intermittent mixed-cooling strategies can significantly improve exercise time and measures of executive function of tennis players in a simulated tennis match.
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spelling pubmed-96639262022-11-15 Effects of mixed-cooling strategies on executive functions in simulated tennis in hot and humid conditions Wen, Minglang Liu, Guozheng Li, Wencan Xie, Tao Zhang, Yukun Qin, Fei Zhao, Jiexiu Front Physiol Physiology This study aimed to investigate the effects of mixed-cooling strategies, which combines external (cooling vest + neck cooled collar) and internal cooling (cold sports drink ingestion) on measures of executive function during simulated tennis in hot/humid conditions. In a counterbalanced design (randomised order), eight males undertook two trials [one with the mixed-cooling strategy, (MCOOL condition) and another without (CON condition)] in a climate chamber (36.5°C, 50% relative humidity). All subjects completed an intermittent treadmill protocol simulating a three-set tennis match with a 90-second break during odd-numbered games and 120-second breaks between sets, in accordance with the activity profile and International Tennis Federation rules. The mixed-cooling strategies were adopted before test and break time during the simulated tennis match. Stroop task, 2-back task, More-odd shifting task, gastrointestinal temperature (Tgi), skin temperature, blood lactic acid (BLA), heart rate, urine specific gravity (USG), sweat rate (SR), thermal sensation (TS) and perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. Results showed that the mean exercise time was longer in the MCOOL condition than in the CON condition. The SR was greater in CON trial compared with that in MCOOL trial. Results of two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures revealed that time×condition interactions were significant in BLA, Stroop response time, and switch cost of the more-odd shifting task. There were main effects of condition for Tgi, HR, TS, RPE, BLA, Stroop response time, and switch cost of the more-odd shifting task. In a hot/wet environment, pre- and intermittent mixed-cooling strategies can significantly improve exercise time and measures of executive function of tennis players in a simulated tennis match. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-11-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9663926/ /pubmed/36388113 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1008710 Text en Copyright © 2022 Wen, Liu, Li, Xie, Zhang, Qin and Zhao. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Wen, Minglang
Liu, Guozheng
Li, Wencan
Xie, Tao
Zhang, Yukun
Qin, Fei
Zhao, Jiexiu
Effects of mixed-cooling strategies on executive functions in simulated tennis in hot and humid conditions
title Effects of mixed-cooling strategies on executive functions in simulated tennis in hot and humid conditions
title_full Effects of mixed-cooling strategies on executive functions in simulated tennis in hot and humid conditions
title_fullStr Effects of mixed-cooling strategies on executive functions in simulated tennis in hot and humid conditions
title_full_unstemmed Effects of mixed-cooling strategies on executive functions in simulated tennis in hot and humid conditions
title_short Effects of mixed-cooling strategies on executive functions in simulated tennis in hot and humid conditions
title_sort effects of mixed-cooling strategies on executive functions in simulated tennis in hot and humid conditions
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9663926/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36388113
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1008710
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