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Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes
SIGNIFICANCE: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) aerosolise liquids that contain nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerol and appealing flavours. In the USA, regulations have limited the availability of flavoured e-cigarettes in pod-based systems, and further tightening is expected. In response, some...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9664124/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36328456 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc-2022-057505 |
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author | El-Hellani, Ahmad Soule, Eric K Daoud, Mohammad Salman, Rola El Hage, Rachel Ardati, Ola El-Kaassamani, Malak Yassine, Amira Karaoghlanian, Nareg Talih, Soha Saliba, Najat Shihadeh, Alan |
author_facet | El-Hellani, Ahmad Soule, Eric K Daoud, Mohammad Salman, Rola El Hage, Rachel Ardati, Ola El-Kaassamani, Malak Yassine, Amira Karaoghlanian, Nareg Talih, Soha Saliba, Najat Shihadeh, Alan |
author_sort | El-Hellani, Ahmad |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIGNIFICANCE: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) aerosolise liquids that contain nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerol and appealing flavours. In the USA, regulations have limited the availability of flavoured e-cigarettes in pod-based systems, and further tightening is expected. In response, some e-cigarette users may attempt to make their e-liquids (do-it-yourself, DIY). This study examined toxicant emissions from several aerosolised DIY e-liquids. METHODS: DIY additives were identified by reviewing users’ responses to a hypothetical flavour ban, e-cigarette internet forums and DIY mixing internet websites. They include essential oils, cannabidiol, sucralose and ethyl maltol. E-liquids with varying concentrations and combinations of additives and tobacco and menthol flavours were prepared and were used to assess reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbonyl and phenol emissions in machine-generated aerosols. RESULTS: Data showed that adding DIY additives to unflavoured, menthol-flavoured or tobacco-flavoured e-liquids increases toxicant emissions to levels comparable with those from commercial flavoured e-liquids. Varying additive concentrations in e-liquids did not have a consistently significant effect on the tested emissions, yet increasing power yielded significantly higher ROS, carbonyl and phenol emissions for the same additive concentration. Adding nicotine to DIY e-liquids with sucralose yielded increase in some emissions and decrease in others, with freebase nicotine-containing e-liquid giving higher ROS emissions than that with nicotine salt. CONCLUSION: This study showed that DIY additives can impact aerosol toxicant emissions from e-cigarettes and should be considered by policymakers when restricting commercially available flavoured e-liquids. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9664124 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96641242022-11-15 Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes El-Hellani, Ahmad Soule, Eric K Daoud, Mohammad Salman, Rola El Hage, Rachel Ardati, Ola El-Kaassamani, Malak Yassine, Amira Karaoghlanian, Nareg Talih, Soha Saliba, Najat Shihadeh, Alan Tob Control Brief Report SIGNIFICANCE: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) aerosolise liquids that contain nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerol and appealing flavours. In the USA, regulations have limited the availability of flavoured e-cigarettes in pod-based systems, and further tightening is expected. In response, some e-cigarette users may attempt to make their e-liquids (do-it-yourself, DIY). This study examined toxicant emissions from several aerosolised DIY e-liquids. METHODS: DIY additives were identified by reviewing users’ responses to a hypothetical flavour ban, e-cigarette internet forums and DIY mixing internet websites. They include essential oils, cannabidiol, sucralose and ethyl maltol. E-liquids with varying concentrations and combinations of additives and tobacco and menthol flavours were prepared and were used to assess reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbonyl and phenol emissions in machine-generated aerosols. RESULTS: Data showed that adding DIY additives to unflavoured, menthol-flavoured or tobacco-flavoured e-liquids increases toxicant emissions to levels comparable with those from commercial flavoured e-liquids. Varying additive concentrations in e-liquids did not have a consistently significant effect on the tested emissions, yet increasing power yielded significantly higher ROS, carbonyl and phenol emissions for the same additive concentration. Adding nicotine to DIY e-liquids with sucralose yielded increase in some emissions and decrease in others, with freebase nicotine-containing e-liquid giving higher ROS emissions than that with nicotine salt. CONCLUSION: This study showed that DIY additives can impact aerosol toxicant emissions from e-cigarettes and should be considered by policymakers when restricting commercially available flavoured e-liquids. BMJ Publishing Group 2022-11 2022-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9664124/ /pubmed/36328456 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc-2022-057505 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Brief Report El-Hellani, Ahmad Soule, Eric K Daoud, Mohammad Salman, Rola El Hage, Rachel Ardati, Ola El-Kaassamani, Malak Yassine, Amira Karaoghlanian, Nareg Talih, Soha Saliba, Najat Shihadeh, Alan Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes |
title | Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes |
title_full | Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes |
title_fullStr | Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes |
title_full_unstemmed | Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes |
title_short | Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes |
title_sort | assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with diy additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes |
topic | Brief Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9664124/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36328456 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc-2022-057505 |
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