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Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes

SIGNIFICANCE: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) aerosolise liquids that contain nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerol and appealing flavours. In the USA, regulations have limited the availability of flavoured e-cigarettes in pod-based systems, and further tightening is expected. In response, some...

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Autores principales: El-Hellani, Ahmad, Soule, Eric K, Daoud, Mohammad, Salman, Rola, El Hage, Rachel, Ardati, Ola, El-Kaassamani, Malak, Yassine, Amira, Karaoghlanian, Nareg, Talih, Soha, Saliba, Najat, Shihadeh, Alan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9664124/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36328456
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc-2022-057505
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author El-Hellani, Ahmad
Soule, Eric K
Daoud, Mohammad
Salman, Rola
El Hage, Rachel
Ardati, Ola
El-Kaassamani, Malak
Yassine, Amira
Karaoghlanian, Nareg
Talih, Soha
Saliba, Najat
Shihadeh, Alan
author_facet El-Hellani, Ahmad
Soule, Eric K
Daoud, Mohammad
Salman, Rola
El Hage, Rachel
Ardati, Ola
El-Kaassamani, Malak
Yassine, Amira
Karaoghlanian, Nareg
Talih, Soha
Saliba, Najat
Shihadeh, Alan
author_sort El-Hellani, Ahmad
collection PubMed
description SIGNIFICANCE: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) aerosolise liquids that contain nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerol and appealing flavours. In the USA, regulations have limited the availability of flavoured e-cigarettes in pod-based systems, and further tightening is expected. In response, some e-cigarette users may attempt to make their e-liquids (do-it-yourself, DIY). This study examined toxicant emissions from several aerosolised DIY e-liquids. METHODS: DIY additives were identified by reviewing users’ responses to a hypothetical flavour ban, e-cigarette internet forums and DIY mixing internet websites. They include essential oils, cannabidiol, sucralose and ethyl maltol. E-liquids with varying concentrations and combinations of additives and tobacco and menthol flavours were prepared and were used to assess reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbonyl and phenol emissions in machine-generated aerosols. RESULTS: Data showed that adding DIY additives to unflavoured, menthol-flavoured or tobacco-flavoured e-liquids increases toxicant emissions to levels comparable with those from commercial flavoured e-liquids. Varying additive concentrations in e-liquids did not have a consistently significant effect on the tested emissions, yet increasing power yielded significantly higher ROS, carbonyl and phenol emissions for the same additive concentration. Adding nicotine to DIY e-liquids with sucralose yielded increase in some emissions and decrease in others, with freebase nicotine-containing e-liquid giving higher ROS emissions than that with nicotine salt. CONCLUSION: This study showed that DIY additives can impact aerosol toxicant emissions from e-cigarettes and should be considered by policymakers when restricting commercially available flavoured e-liquids.
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spelling pubmed-96641242022-11-15 Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes El-Hellani, Ahmad Soule, Eric K Daoud, Mohammad Salman, Rola El Hage, Rachel Ardati, Ola El-Kaassamani, Malak Yassine, Amira Karaoghlanian, Nareg Talih, Soha Saliba, Najat Shihadeh, Alan Tob Control Brief Report SIGNIFICANCE: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) aerosolise liquids that contain nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerol and appealing flavours. In the USA, regulations have limited the availability of flavoured e-cigarettes in pod-based systems, and further tightening is expected. In response, some e-cigarette users may attempt to make their e-liquids (do-it-yourself, DIY). This study examined toxicant emissions from several aerosolised DIY e-liquids. METHODS: DIY additives were identified by reviewing users’ responses to a hypothetical flavour ban, e-cigarette internet forums and DIY mixing internet websites. They include essential oils, cannabidiol, sucralose and ethyl maltol. E-liquids with varying concentrations and combinations of additives and tobacco and menthol flavours were prepared and were used to assess reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbonyl and phenol emissions in machine-generated aerosols. RESULTS: Data showed that adding DIY additives to unflavoured, menthol-flavoured or tobacco-flavoured e-liquids increases toxicant emissions to levels comparable with those from commercial flavoured e-liquids. Varying additive concentrations in e-liquids did not have a consistently significant effect on the tested emissions, yet increasing power yielded significantly higher ROS, carbonyl and phenol emissions for the same additive concentration. Adding nicotine to DIY e-liquids with sucralose yielded increase in some emissions and decrease in others, with freebase nicotine-containing e-liquid giving higher ROS emissions than that with nicotine salt. CONCLUSION: This study showed that DIY additives can impact aerosol toxicant emissions from e-cigarettes and should be considered by policymakers when restricting commercially available flavoured e-liquids. BMJ Publishing Group 2022-11 2022-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9664124/ /pubmed/36328456 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc-2022-057505 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Brief Report
El-Hellani, Ahmad
Soule, Eric K
Daoud, Mohammad
Salman, Rola
El Hage, Rachel
Ardati, Ola
El-Kaassamani, Malak
Yassine, Amira
Karaoghlanian, Nareg
Talih, Soha
Saliba, Najat
Shihadeh, Alan
Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes
title Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes
title_full Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes
title_fullStr Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes
title_full_unstemmed Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes
title_short Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes
title_sort assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with diy additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes
topic Brief Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9664124/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36328456
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc-2022-057505
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