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First report of a severe nasopulmonary acariasis caused by Orthohalarachne diminuata Doetschman, 1944 (Acari: Halarachnidae) in a captive South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens Shaw, 1800)

Obligatory endoparasitic mites of the genera Halarachne Allman, 1847 and Orthohalarachne Newell, 1947 (Acari: Halarachnidae) parasitize different segments of the respiratory tract of marine mammals, including pinnipeds and sea otters, and infestations can cause asymptomatic to serious respiratory di...

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Autores principales: Ebmer, David, Kniha, Edwin, Strauss, Verena, Kübber-Heiss, Anna, Komornik, Lukas, Balfanz, Folko, Hering-Hagenbeck, Stephan, Walochnik, Julia, Gärtner, Ulrich, Prosl, Heinrich, Taubert, Anja, Voracek, Thomas, Hermosilla, Carlos
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9664340/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36388725
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.10.005
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author Ebmer, David
Kniha, Edwin
Strauss, Verena
Kübber-Heiss, Anna
Komornik, Lukas
Balfanz, Folko
Hering-Hagenbeck, Stephan
Walochnik, Julia
Gärtner, Ulrich
Prosl, Heinrich
Taubert, Anja
Voracek, Thomas
Hermosilla, Carlos
author_facet Ebmer, David
Kniha, Edwin
Strauss, Verena
Kübber-Heiss, Anna
Komornik, Lukas
Balfanz, Folko
Hering-Hagenbeck, Stephan
Walochnik, Julia
Gärtner, Ulrich
Prosl, Heinrich
Taubert, Anja
Voracek, Thomas
Hermosilla, Carlos
author_sort Ebmer, David
collection PubMed
description Obligatory endoparasitic mites of the genera Halarachne Allman, 1847 and Orthohalarachne Newell, 1947 (Acari: Halarachnidae) parasitize different segments of the respiratory tract of marine mammals, including pinnipeds and sea otters, and infestations can cause asymptomatic to serious respiratory diseases. However, knowledge on biology, pathogenic potential and occurrence of halarachnid mites infesting pinnipeds, especially in captivity, is scarce. A two-year-old South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens Shaw, 1800) male, born and held at the Vienna Zoo, was anesthesized for routine pre-transport examinations, including computed tomography, bronchoalveolar lavage, and blood sampling. During the final phase of general anesthesia, the individual abruptly became apneic and died despite all attempts at resuscitation. At necropsy, 45 highly motile whitish millimeter-sized structures were macroscopically detected in the trachea, bifurcatio tracheae and main bronchi and were identified as adult stages of Orthohalarachne diminuata Doetschman, 1944 following morphological descriptions. After trepanation of the nasal cavity and sinus paranasalis, a total of 407 larval and 3 nymphal specimens distributed in clusters were detected. Macroscopically, sinus mucosa showed hyperemia and multiple petechial hemorrhages. Histopathological analyses of paranasal sinuses revealed mite cross-sections surrounded by sanioserous exudate and epithelial exfoliation. For the first time, O. diminuata was molecularly characterized and phylogenetically analyzed based on its 16S rDNA. Our study constitutes the first record of a severe O. diminuata infestation in captive O. flavescens and one of the few host-parasite records in general. We present clinical data and pathological results, the first scanning electron microscopic images of a O. diminuata larval stage and discuss the etiology of this autochthonous infestation, possible transmission pathways and detrimental effects. Further studies on biology and pathogenic effects of halarachnid mites, as well as on the development of non-invasive sampling techniques are essentially required for a better understanding of (ortho-)halarachnosis in pinnipeds held in zoological gardens.
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spelling pubmed-96643402022-11-15 First report of a severe nasopulmonary acariasis caused by Orthohalarachne diminuata Doetschman, 1944 (Acari: Halarachnidae) in a captive South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens Shaw, 1800) Ebmer, David Kniha, Edwin Strauss, Verena Kübber-Heiss, Anna Komornik, Lukas Balfanz, Folko Hering-Hagenbeck, Stephan Walochnik, Julia Gärtner, Ulrich Prosl, Heinrich Taubert, Anja Voracek, Thomas Hermosilla, Carlos Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl Article Obligatory endoparasitic mites of the genera Halarachne Allman, 1847 and Orthohalarachne Newell, 1947 (Acari: Halarachnidae) parasitize different segments of the respiratory tract of marine mammals, including pinnipeds and sea otters, and infestations can cause asymptomatic to serious respiratory diseases. However, knowledge on biology, pathogenic potential and occurrence of halarachnid mites infesting pinnipeds, especially in captivity, is scarce. A two-year-old South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens Shaw, 1800) male, born and held at the Vienna Zoo, was anesthesized for routine pre-transport examinations, including computed tomography, bronchoalveolar lavage, and blood sampling. During the final phase of general anesthesia, the individual abruptly became apneic and died despite all attempts at resuscitation. At necropsy, 45 highly motile whitish millimeter-sized structures were macroscopically detected in the trachea, bifurcatio tracheae and main bronchi and were identified as adult stages of Orthohalarachne diminuata Doetschman, 1944 following morphological descriptions. After trepanation of the nasal cavity and sinus paranasalis, a total of 407 larval and 3 nymphal specimens distributed in clusters were detected. Macroscopically, sinus mucosa showed hyperemia and multiple petechial hemorrhages. Histopathological analyses of paranasal sinuses revealed mite cross-sections surrounded by sanioserous exudate and epithelial exfoliation. For the first time, O. diminuata was molecularly characterized and phylogenetically analyzed based on its 16S rDNA. Our study constitutes the first record of a severe O. diminuata infestation in captive O. flavescens and one of the few host-parasite records in general. We present clinical data and pathological results, the first scanning electron microscopic images of a O. diminuata larval stage and discuss the etiology of this autochthonous infestation, possible transmission pathways and detrimental effects. Further studies on biology and pathogenic effects of halarachnid mites, as well as on the development of non-invasive sampling techniques are essentially required for a better understanding of (ortho-)halarachnosis in pinnipeds held in zoological gardens. Elsevier 2022-11-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9664340/ /pubmed/36388725 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.10.005 Text en © 2022 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ebmer, David
Kniha, Edwin
Strauss, Verena
Kübber-Heiss, Anna
Komornik, Lukas
Balfanz, Folko
Hering-Hagenbeck, Stephan
Walochnik, Julia
Gärtner, Ulrich
Prosl, Heinrich
Taubert, Anja
Voracek, Thomas
Hermosilla, Carlos
First report of a severe nasopulmonary acariasis caused by Orthohalarachne diminuata Doetschman, 1944 (Acari: Halarachnidae) in a captive South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens Shaw, 1800)
title First report of a severe nasopulmonary acariasis caused by Orthohalarachne diminuata Doetschman, 1944 (Acari: Halarachnidae) in a captive South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens Shaw, 1800)
title_full First report of a severe nasopulmonary acariasis caused by Orthohalarachne diminuata Doetschman, 1944 (Acari: Halarachnidae) in a captive South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens Shaw, 1800)
title_fullStr First report of a severe nasopulmonary acariasis caused by Orthohalarachne diminuata Doetschman, 1944 (Acari: Halarachnidae) in a captive South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens Shaw, 1800)
title_full_unstemmed First report of a severe nasopulmonary acariasis caused by Orthohalarachne diminuata Doetschman, 1944 (Acari: Halarachnidae) in a captive South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens Shaw, 1800)
title_short First report of a severe nasopulmonary acariasis caused by Orthohalarachne diminuata Doetschman, 1944 (Acari: Halarachnidae) in a captive South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens Shaw, 1800)
title_sort first report of a severe nasopulmonary acariasis caused by orthohalarachne diminuata doetschman, 1944 (acari: halarachnidae) in a captive south american sea lion (otaria flavescens shaw, 1800)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9664340/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36388725
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.10.005
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