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Thelazia lacrymalis in horses from Romania: epidemiology, morphology and phylogenetic analysis
BACKGROUND: Equine thelaziosis is a neglected vector-borne parasitic disease in modern veterinary medicine, lacking recent reports. It is transmitted by Musca autumnalis, and potentially other Muscidae species, by ingesting the lachrymal secretions of its equine host. The distribution of both Thelaz...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9664606/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36376981 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05532-z |
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author | Cotuțiu, Vlad-Dan Ionică, Angela Monica Lefkaditis, Menelaos Cazan, Cristina Daniela Hașaș, Alina Diana Mihalca, Andrei Daniel |
author_facet | Cotuțiu, Vlad-Dan Ionică, Angela Monica Lefkaditis, Menelaos Cazan, Cristina Daniela Hașaș, Alina Diana Mihalca, Andrei Daniel |
author_sort | Cotuțiu, Vlad-Dan |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Equine thelaziosis is a neglected vector-borne parasitic disease in modern veterinary medicine, lacking recent reports. It is transmitted by Musca autumnalis, and potentially other Muscidae species, by ingesting the lachrymal secretions of its equine host. The distribution of both Thelazia lacrymalis and its intermediate hosts remains largely unknown throughout Europe, with most studies dating back 20 years. The aim of this study was to assess the presence, prevalence and distribution of T. lacrymalis in horses from Romania. METHODS: The eyes of 273 horses, slaughtered at two abattoirs from the Northwestern and Western regions of Romania, were examined for the presence of T. lacrymalis between March and November 2021. Upon detection, the nematodes were collected and morphologically identified using the keys from literature. Following identification, one specimen from each animal was selected for molecular analysis while the rest underwent detailed morphometric measurements. Mapping and distribution, according to ecoregions, was done using the QGis 3.20 software, while sequences obtained were compared to those available in GenBank through BLAST analysis using the MEGA X software. RESULTS: Of the 273 animals sampled, 12 (4.39%) were positive for Thelazia spp. infection. Eighty-seven nematodes were recovered, all morphologically identified as T. lacrymalis. The intensity of infestation varied between one and 33 nematodes/animal while five animals presented a bilateral infestation and seven a unilateral one. The highest prevalence was encountered in Pannonian ecoregion (12.12%) while the lowest was in the Alpine ecoregion (0%). Seventy-five intact specimens underwent detailed morphometric analysis, of the 18–20 parameters, resulting in notable differences in striation lengths compared to the data available in other reports. BLAST analysis identified a 96.46–98.60% similarity to the only other COI gene sequence available for T. lacrymalis. CONCLUSIONS: The current study represents the first report of T. lacrymalis in horses in Romania. The low prevalence rates are probably linked to the wide use of macrocyclic lactones. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9664606 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96646062022-11-15 Thelazia lacrymalis in horses from Romania: epidemiology, morphology and phylogenetic analysis Cotuțiu, Vlad-Dan Ionică, Angela Monica Lefkaditis, Menelaos Cazan, Cristina Daniela Hașaș, Alina Diana Mihalca, Andrei Daniel Parasit Vectors Research BACKGROUND: Equine thelaziosis is a neglected vector-borne parasitic disease in modern veterinary medicine, lacking recent reports. It is transmitted by Musca autumnalis, and potentially other Muscidae species, by ingesting the lachrymal secretions of its equine host. The distribution of both Thelazia lacrymalis and its intermediate hosts remains largely unknown throughout Europe, with most studies dating back 20 years. The aim of this study was to assess the presence, prevalence and distribution of T. lacrymalis in horses from Romania. METHODS: The eyes of 273 horses, slaughtered at two abattoirs from the Northwestern and Western regions of Romania, were examined for the presence of T. lacrymalis between March and November 2021. Upon detection, the nematodes were collected and morphologically identified using the keys from literature. Following identification, one specimen from each animal was selected for molecular analysis while the rest underwent detailed morphometric measurements. Mapping and distribution, according to ecoregions, was done using the QGis 3.20 software, while sequences obtained were compared to those available in GenBank through BLAST analysis using the MEGA X software. RESULTS: Of the 273 animals sampled, 12 (4.39%) were positive for Thelazia spp. infection. Eighty-seven nematodes were recovered, all morphologically identified as T. lacrymalis. The intensity of infestation varied between one and 33 nematodes/animal while five animals presented a bilateral infestation and seven a unilateral one. The highest prevalence was encountered in Pannonian ecoregion (12.12%) while the lowest was in the Alpine ecoregion (0%). Seventy-five intact specimens underwent detailed morphometric analysis, of the 18–20 parameters, resulting in notable differences in striation lengths compared to the data available in other reports. BLAST analysis identified a 96.46–98.60% similarity to the only other COI gene sequence available for T. lacrymalis. CONCLUSIONS: The current study represents the first report of T. lacrymalis in horses in Romania. The low prevalence rates are probably linked to the wide use of macrocyclic lactones. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] BioMed Central 2022-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9664606/ /pubmed/36376981 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05532-z Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Cotuțiu, Vlad-Dan Ionică, Angela Monica Lefkaditis, Menelaos Cazan, Cristina Daniela Hașaș, Alina Diana Mihalca, Andrei Daniel Thelazia lacrymalis in horses from Romania: epidemiology, morphology and phylogenetic analysis |
title | Thelazia lacrymalis in horses from Romania: epidemiology, morphology and phylogenetic analysis |
title_full | Thelazia lacrymalis in horses from Romania: epidemiology, morphology and phylogenetic analysis |
title_fullStr | Thelazia lacrymalis in horses from Romania: epidemiology, morphology and phylogenetic analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Thelazia lacrymalis in horses from Romania: epidemiology, morphology and phylogenetic analysis |
title_short | Thelazia lacrymalis in horses from Romania: epidemiology, morphology and phylogenetic analysis |
title_sort | thelazia lacrymalis in horses from romania: epidemiology, morphology and phylogenetic analysis |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9664606/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36376981 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05532-z |
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