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The prognostic impact of the immune microenvironment in small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix: PD-L1 and immune cell subtypes
BACKGROUND: We investigate the correlation between programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumor-associated immune cell (TAIC) density in small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix (SCNEC) and their correlation with clinicopathologic features. METHODS: PD-L1 and mismatch repair pro...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9664608/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36376881 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12935-022-02716-6 |
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author | Sun, Xiaoying Liu, Lili Wan, Ting Huang, Qidan Chen, Jieping Luo, Rongzhen Liu, Jihong |
author_facet | Sun, Xiaoying Liu, Lili Wan, Ting Huang, Qidan Chen, Jieping Luo, Rongzhen Liu, Jihong |
author_sort | Sun, Xiaoying |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: We investigate the correlation between programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumor-associated immune cell (TAIC) density in small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix (SCNEC) and their correlation with clinicopathologic features. METHODS: PD-L1 and mismatch repair protein (MMR) expression in cancer cells and the density of TAIC were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 89 SCNEC patients. The combined positive score (CPS), tumor proportion score (TPS), and immune cell score (ICS) of PD-L1 were measured, along with their correlation with clinicopathologic features in SCNEC patients using statistical analyses. RESULTS: CPS of PD-L1 ≥ 1 was seen in 68.5% of patients, positive TPS and ICS of PD-L1 were detected in 59.6% and 33.7% of patients, respectively. PD-L1(CPS) was higher in tumor-infiltrating immune cells (r = 0.387, p = 0.001) and positively correlated with programmed cell death-1 and forkhead box P3 + regulatory T cell (FOXP3 + Treg) infiltration (r = 0.443, p < 0.001; r = 0.532, p < 0.001). There was no statistical correlation between PD-L1 and MMR status. PD-L1(CPS) and PD-L1(ICS) positivity were independent prognostic factors, correlating with a favorable survival (HR (95%CI) = 0.363(0.139–0.950), p = 0.039 and HR (95% CI) = 0.199(0.050–0.802), p = 0.023, respectively). PD-L1(ICS) positivity was an independent indicator of recurrence in SCNEC patients and associated with better disease-free survival (HR (95% CI) = 0.124(0.036–0425), p = 0.001). TAIC and MMR levels had no statistical impact on survival results. CONCLUSIONS: PD-L1 positivity was seen in over half of SCNEC tumors. It may work synergistically with FOXP3 + Treg and other infiltrating immune cells to support an adaptive immune response. PD-L1 positivity may be a favorable prognostic factor in SCNEC. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02716-6. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9664608 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96646082022-11-15 The prognostic impact of the immune microenvironment in small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix: PD-L1 and immune cell subtypes Sun, Xiaoying Liu, Lili Wan, Ting Huang, Qidan Chen, Jieping Luo, Rongzhen Liu, Jihong Cancer Cell Int Research BACKGROUND: We investigate the correlation between programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumor-associated immune cell (TAIC) density in small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix (SCNEC) and their correlation with clinicopathologic features. METHODS: PD-L1 and mismatch repair protein (MMR) expression in cancer cells and the density of TAIC were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 89 SCNEC patients. The combined positive score (CPS), tumor proportion score (TPS), and immune cell score (ICS) of PD-L1 were measured, along with their correlation with clinicopathologic features in SCNEC patients using statistical analyses. RESULTS: CPS of PD-L1 ≥ 1 was seen in 68.5% of patients, positive TPS and ICS of PD-L1 were detected in 59.6% and 33.7% of patients, respectively. PD-L1(CPS) was higher in tumor-infiltrating immune cells (r = 0.387, p = 0.001) and positively correlated with programmed cell death-1 and forkhead box P3 + regulatory T cell (FOXP3 + Treg) infiltration (r = 0.443, p < 0.001; r = 0.532, p < 0.001). There was no statistical correlation between PD-L1 and MMR status. PD-L1(CPS) and PD-L1(ICS) positivity were independent prognostic factors, correlating with a favorable survival (HR (95%CI) = 0.363(0.139–0.950), p = 0.039 and HR (95% CI) = 0.199(0.050–0.802), p = 0.023, respectively). PD-L1(ICS) positivity was an independent indicator of recurrence in SCNEC patients and associated with better disease-free survival (HR (95% CI) = 0.124(0.036–0425), p = 0.001). TAIC and MMR levels had no statistical impact on survival results. CONCLUSIONS: PD-L1 positivity was seen in over half of SCNEC tumors. It may work synergistically with FOXP3 + Treg and other infiltrating immune cells to support an adaptive immune response. PD-L1 positivity may be a favorable prognostic factor in SCNEC. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02716-6. BioMed Central 2022-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9664608/ /pubmed/36376881 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12935-022-02716-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Sun, Xiaoying Liu, Lili Wan, Ting Huang, Qidan Chen, Jieping Luo, Rongzhen Liu, Jihong The prognostic impact of the immune microenvironment in small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix: PD-L1 and immune cell subtypes |
title | The prognostic impact of the immune microenvironment in small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix: PD-L1 and immune cell subtypes |
title_full | The prognostic impact of the immune microenvironment in small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix: PD-L1 and immune cell subtypes |
title_fullStr | The prognostic impact of the immune microenvironment in small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix: PD-L1 and immune cell subtypes |
title_full_unstemmed | The prognostic impact of the immune microenvironment in small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix: PD-L1 and immune cell subtypes |
title_short | The prognostic impact of the immune microenvironment in small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix: PD-L1 and immune cell subtypes |
title_sort | prognostic impact of the immune microenvironment in small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix: pd-l1 and immune cell subtypes |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9664608/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36376881 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12935-022-02716-6 |
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