Pygo1 Regulates the Behavior of Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer via the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway

Abnormal activation of the classical Wnt pathway has been reported in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously. Pygo family genes, the core regulators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, were also reported to be involved in tumorigenesis. However, the role of the homolog Pygo1 in human lung cancer remains unclear. In the current study, we demonstrated an association of increased Pygo1 expression with consistent high nuclear β-catenin signals across pathological tissue samples of early-stage human NSCLC. Overexpression of Pygo1 in lung cancer cells resulted in enhanced G1/S cell phase transformation, reduced apoptosis, and increased cell proliferation. These changes were accompanied by the downregulation of cell cycle-related proteins, such as RB, p16, p53, and p27Kip1, and increased expression of CyclinE1. Migration, wound healing, and colony formation assays revealed that Pygo1 overexpression enhanced the invasion and migration of lung cancer cells, increased the formation of clones, and suppressed E-cadherin expression. In addition, overexpression of Pygo1 in lung cancer cells led to an increase of β-catenin/TCF4 complex, as well as upregulated expression of target genes of β-catenin. In vivo experiments also revealed that Pygo1 overexpression promoted the tumorigenicity of a xenograft tumor model, while Wnt inhibition partially blocked the effect of Pygo1 overexpression. In conclusion, Pygo1 affects human NSCLC via the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which provides new clues for lung cancer pathology.