The Hirsch-index in self-citation rates with articles in Medicine (Baltimore): Bibliometric analysis of publications in two stages from 2018 to 2021

The Hirsch-index (h-index) is a measure of academic productivity that incorporates both the quantity and quality of an author’s output. However, it is still affected by self-citation behaviors. This study aims to determine the research output and self-citation rates (SCRs) in the Journal of Medicine (Baltimore), establishing a benchmark for bibliometrics, in addition to identifying significant differences between stages from 2018 to 2021. METHODS: We searched the PubMed database to obtain 17,912 articles published between 2018 and 2021 in Medicine (Baltimore). Two parts were carried out to conduct this study: the categories were clustered according to the medical subject headings (denoted by midical subject headings [MeSH] terms) using social network analysis; 3 visualizations were used (choropleth map, forest plot, and Sankey diagram) to identify dominant entities (e.g., years, countries, regions, institutes, authors, categories, and document types); 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to differentiate outputs between entities and stages, and the SCR with articles in Medicine (Baltimore) was examined. SCR, as well as the proportion of self-citation (SC) in the previous 2 years in comparison to SC were computed. RESULTS: We found that South Korea, Sichuan (China), and Beijing (China) accounted for the majority of articles in Medicine (Baltimore); ten categories were clustered and led by 3 MeSh terms: methods, drug therapy, and complications; and more articles (52%) were in the recent stage (2020–2021); no significant difference in counts was observed between the 2 stages based on the top ten entities using the forest plot (Z = 0.05, P = .962) and 2-way ANOVA (F = 0.09, P = .76); the SCR was 5.69% (<15%); the h-index did not differ between the 2 collections of self-citation inclusion and exclusion; and the SC in the previous 2 years accounted for 70% of the self-citation exclusion. CONCLUSION: By visualizing the characteristics of a given journal, a breakthrough was made. Subject categories can be classified using MeSH terms. Future bibliographical studies are recommended to perform the 2-way ANOVA and then compare the outputs from 2 stages as well as the changes in h-indexes between 2 sets of self-citation inclusion and exclusion.