The multidisciplinary management of a mechanical mitral valve thrombosis in pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: The management of anticoagulation for mechanical heart valves during pregnancy poses a unique challenge. Mechanical valve thrombosis is a devastating complication for which surgery is often the treatment of choice. However, cardiac surgery for prosthetic valve dysfunction in pregnant patients confers a high risk of maternofetal morbidity and mortality. CASE SUMMARY: A 39-year-old woman in her first pregnancy at 30 weeks gestation presented to hospital with a mechanical mitral valve thrombosis despite therapeutic anticoagulation with low-molecular-weight heparin. She underwent an emergent caesarean section followed immediately by a bioprosthetic mitral valve replacement. This occurred after careful planning and organization on the part of a large multidisciplinary team. DISCUSSION: A proactive, rather than reactive, approach to the surgical management of a mechanical valve thrombosis in pregnancy will maximize the chances of successful maternal and fetal outcomes.