RSM process optimization of biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and waste corn oil in the presence of green and novel catalyst

In the scenario of global warming and pollution, the green synthesis and use of biodiesel has acquired utmost priority. Due to several limitations of homogeneous catalysis, organobase immobilized heterogeneous catalyzed production of biodiesel has come out as a favored route. The present report demonstrates the design and synthesis of Peganum harmala spice seed extract modified GO-CuFe(2)O(4) (SSE@GO-CuFe(2)O(4)) nanocomposite as an organobase functionalized high surface area magnetic nanocatalyst. Pistachio leaves were used in the green reduction of precursor salts to synthesize CuFe(2)O(4) NPs. The as-synthesized nanomaterial was characterized physicochemically by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX), elemental mapping, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques (VSM). Subsequently, the catalyst was explored in the efficient synthesis of biodiesels by trans-esterification of two substrates, the rapeseed oil and waste corn oil. The optimum conditions for biodiesel production were determined through response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design including the study of calibration curves and 3D contour plots. Easy separation and workup, use of green medium, excellent reused for several times and short reaction time are outstanding benefits of this study.