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Effects of different grains on bacterial diversity and enzyme activity associated with digestion of starch in the foal stomach

BACKGROUND: Compared with the stomach of ruminant cattle, the stomach of horse is small and mainly for chemical digestion, but the microorganisms in the stomach play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the internal environment. Due to the complexity of the microbes in the stomach, li...

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Autores principales: Li, Xiao Bin, Huang, Xin Xin, Li, Qian, Li, Xuan Yue, Li, Jia Hao, Li, Chao, He, Lin Jiao, Jing, Hong Xin, Yang, Kai Lun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9670411/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36397114
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03510-2
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author Li, Xiao Bin
Huang, Xin Xin
Li, Qian
Li, Xuan Yue
Li, Jia Hao
Li, Chao
He, Lin Jiao
Jing, Hong Xin
Yang, Kai Lun
author_facet Li, Xiao Bin
Huang, Xin Xin
Li, Qian
Li, Xuan Yue
Li, Jia Hao
Li, Chao
He, Lin Jiao
Jing, Hong Xin
Yang, Kai Lun
author_sort Li, Xiao Bin
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Compared with the stomach of ruminant cattle, the stomach of horse is small and mainly for chemical digestion, but the microorganisms in the stomach play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the internal environment. Due to the complexity of the microbes in the stomach, little is known about the diversity and structure of bacteria in the equine stomach. Grains are the main energy source for plant-eating livestock and energy is derived through enzymatic hydrolysis of grains into glucose or their microbial fermentation into Volatile fatty acids (VFA). However, the mechanism through which these ingested grains are chemically digested as well as the effect of these grains on the stomach remains elusive. This study explored the effects of feeding different grains (corn, oats, and barley) on bacterial diversity, structure, and composition in the foal’s stomach content. Furthermore, the effects of different grains on the vitality of starch digestion-related stomach enzymes were investigated. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed (P > 0.05) in the bacterial rarefaction curves of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and diversity of the stomach microbiota in all foals. This study also revealed the statistical differences for Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Unidentified_Clostridiales, Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Unidentified_Cyanobacteria, Unidentified_Clostridiales, Lactococcus, Sphingomonas, Lactobacillus_hayakitensis, Lactobacillus_equigenerosi, and Clostridium_perfringens. The linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis revealed 9 bacteria at each classification level. The functional analysis of species information by using FAPROTAX software was able to predict 35 functions, and the top 5 functions were chemoheterotrophy, fermentation, animal_parasites_or_symbionts, nitrate_reduction, and aerobic_chemoheterotrophy. The study also revealed statistical differences for pH, glucose concentration, β-amylase, maltase, and amylase. CONCLUSIONS: The different grains had no significant effect on the microbial diversity of the stomach content of the foal. However, the relative bacterial abundances differed significantly in response to different diets. Particularly, oats fed to the foals significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus, and Lactobacillus_hayakitensis. The grain had no significant effect on the pH of the stomach content, glucose concentration, and enzyme viability in the foal.
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spelling pubmed-96704112022-11-18 Effects of different grains on bacterial diversity and enzyme activity associated with digestion of starch in the foal stomach Li, Xiao Bin Huang, Xin Xin Li, Qian Li, Xuan Yue Li, Jia Hao Li, Chao He, Lin Jiao Jing, Hong Xin Yang, Kai Lun BMC Vet Res Research BACKGROUND: Compared with the stomach of ruminant cattle, the stomach of horse is small and mainly for chemical digestion, but the microorganisms in the stomach play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the internal environment. Due to the complexity of the microbes in the stomach, little is known about the diversity and structure of bacteria in the equine stomach. Grains are the main energy source for plant-eating livestock and energy is derived through enzymatic hydrolysis of grains into glucose or their microbial fermentation into Volatile fatty acids (VFA). However, the mechanism through which these ingested grains are chemically digested as well as the effect of these grains on the stomach remains elusive. This study explored the effects of feeding different grains (corn, oats, and barley) on bacterial diversity, structure, and composition in the foal’s stomach content. Furthermore, the effects of different grains on the vitality of starch digestion-related stomach enzymes were investigated. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed (P > 0.05) in the bacterial rarefaction curves of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and diversity of the stomach microbiota in all foals. This study also revealed the statistical differences for Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Unidentified_Clostridiales, Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Unidentified_Cyanobacteria, Unidentified_Clostridiales, Lactococcus, Sphingomonas, Lactobacillus_hayakitensis, Lactobacillus_equigenerosi, and Clostridium_perfringens. The linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis revealed 9 bacteria at each classification level. The functional analysis of species information by using FAPROTAX software was able to predict 35 functions, and the top 5 functions were chemoheterotrophy, fermentation, animal_parasites_or_symbionts, nitrate_reduction, and aerobic_chemoheterotrophy. The study also revealed statistical differences for pH, glucose concentration, β-amylase, maltase, and amylase. CONCLUSIONS: The different grains had no significant effect on the microbial diversity of the stomach content of the foal. However, the relative bacterial abundances differed significantly in response to different diets. Particularly, oats fed to the foals significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus, and Lactobacillus_hayakitensis. The grain had no significant effect on the pH of the stomach content, glucose concentration, and enzyme viability in the foal. BioMed Central 2022-11-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9670411/ /pubmed/36397114 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03510-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Li, Xiao Bin
Huang, Xin Xin
Li, Qian
Li, Xuan Yue
Li, Jia Hao
Li, Chao
He, Lin Jiao
Jing, Hong Xin
Yang, Kai Lun
Effects of different grains on bacterial diversity and enzyme activity associated with digestion of starch in the foal stomach
title Effects of different grains on bacterial diversity and enzyme activity associated with digestion of starch in the foal stomach
title_full Effects of different grains on bacterial diversity and enzyme activity associated with digestion of starch in the foal stomach
title_fullStr Effects of different grains on bacterial diversity and enzyme activity associated with digestion of starch in the foal stomach
title_full_unstemmed Effects of different grains on bacterial diversity and enzyme activity associated with digestion of starch in the foal stomach
title_short Effects of different grains on bacterial diversity and enzyme activity associated with digestion of starch in the foal stomach
title_sort effects of different grains on bacterial diversity and enzyme activity associated with digestion of starch in the foal stomach
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9670411/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36397114
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03510-2
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