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COVID-19 and diarrhea: putative mechanisms and management

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has recently posed a threat to global health by spreading at a high rate and taking millions of lives worldwide. Along with the respiratory symptoms, there are ga...

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Autores principales: Juthi, Rifat Tasnim, Sazed, Saiful Arefeen, Sarmin, Monira, Haque, Rashidul, Alam, Mohammad Shafiul
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9672967/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36403817
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.11.018
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author Juthi, Rifat Tasnim
Sazed, Saiful Arefeen
Sarmin, Monira
Haque, Rashidul
Alam, Mohammad Shafiul
author_facet Juthi, Rifat Tasnim
Sazed, Saiful Arefeen
Sarmin, Monira
Haque, Rashidul
Alam, Mohammad Shafiul
author_sort Juthi, Rifat Tasnim
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has recently posed a threat to global health by spreading at a high rate and taking millions of lives worldwide. Along with the respiratory symptoms, there are gastrointestinal manifestations and one of the most common gastrointestinal symptoms is diarrhea which is seen in a significant percentage of COVID-19 patients. LITERATURE REVIEW: Several studies have shown the plausible correlation between overexpressed angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in enterocytes and SARS-CoV-2, as ACE2 is the only known receptor for the virus entry. Along with the dysregulated ACE2, there are other contributing factors such as gut microbiome dysbiosis, adverse effects of antiviral and antibiotics for treating infections and inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 which bring about increased permeability of gut cells and subsequent occurrence of diarrhea. Few studies found that the SARS-CoV-2 is capable of damaging liver cells too. No single effective treatment option is available. LIMITATIONS: Confirmed pathophysiology is still unavailable. Studies regarding global population are also insufficient. CONCLUSION: In this review, based on the previous works and literature, we summarized the putative molecular pathophysiology of COVID-19 associated diarrhea, concomitant complications and the standard practices of management of diarrhea and hepatic manifestations in international setups.
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spelling pubmed-96729672022-11-18 COVID-19 and diarrhea: putative mechanisms and management Juthi, Rifat Tasnim Sazed, Saiful Arefeen Sarmin, Monira Haque, Rashidul Alam, Mohammad Shafiul Int J Infect Dis Review BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has recently posed a threat to global health by spreading at a high rate and taking millions of lives worldwide. Along with the respiratory symptoms, there are gastrointestinal manifestations and one of the most common gastrointestinal symptoms is diarrhea which is seen in a significant percentage of COVID-19 patients. LITERATURE REVIEW: Several studies have shown the plausible correlation between overexpressed angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in enterocytes and SARS-CoV-2, as ACE2 is the only known receptor for the virus entry. Along with the dysregulated ACE2, there are other contributing factors such as gut microbiome dysbiosis, adverse effects of antiviral and antibiotics for treating infections and inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 which bring about increased permeability of gut cells and subsequent occurrence of diarrhea. Few studies found that the SARS-CoV-2 is capable of damaging liver cells too. No single effective treatment option is available. LIMITATIONS: Confirmed pathophysiology is still unavailable. Studies regarding global population are also insufficient. CONCLUSION: In this review, based on the previous works and literature, we summarized the putative molecular pathophysiology of COVID-19 associated diarrhea, concomitant complications and the standard practices of management of diarrhea and hepatic manifestations in international setups. The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. 2023-01 2022-11-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9672967/ /pubmed/36403817 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.11.018 Text en © 2022 The Author(s) Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Review
Juthi, Rifat Tasnim
Sazed, Saiful Arefeen
Sarmin, Monira
Haque, Rashidul
Alam, Mohammad Shafiul
COVID-19 and diarrhea: putative mechanisms and management
title COVID-19 and diarrhea: putative mechanisms and management
title_full COVID-19 and diarrhea: putative mechanisms and management
title_fullStr COVID-19 and diarrhea: putative mechanisms and management
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19 and diarrhea: putative mechanisms and management
title_short COVID-19 and diarrhea: putative mechanisms and management
title_sort covid-19 and diarrhea: putative mechanisms and management
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9672967/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36403817
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.11.018
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