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Current status of trachoma in India: Results from the National Trachoma Prevalence Survey
PURPOSE: In the mid-twentieth century, trachoma was endemic in the northwestern states of India. We aimed to generate recent estimates of prevalence of trachomatous inflammation, follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in ten suspected-endemic districts across seven previously hyper-endemic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9675499/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36018099 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_503_22 |
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author | Gupta, Noopur Vashist, Praveen Senjam, Suraj S Gupta, Vivek Wadhwani, Meenakshi Manna, Souvik Grover, Sumit Bhardwaj, Amit |
author_facet | Gupta, Noopur Vashist, Praveen Senjam, Suraj S Gupta, Vivek Wadhwani, Meenakshi Manna, Souvik Grover, Sumit Bhardwaj, Amit |
author_sort | Gupta, Noopur |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: In the mid-twentieth century, trachoma was endemic in the northwestern states of India. We aimed to generate recent estimates of prevalence of trachomatous inflammation, follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in ten suspected-endemic districts across seven previously hyper-endemic states and union territories for trachoma in India including Delhi, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Gujarat, Uttarakhand and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. METHODS: Population-based prevalence surveys were undertaken in 10 districts. In each of those districts, two-stage cluster sampling was used to select a sample of 2000 children aged 1–9 years and all adults aged ≥15 years in the enumerated households from a total of 20 clusters per district. Consenting eligible participants were examined for trachoma by trained ophthalmologists using the World Health Organization’s simplified grading system. Data were analyzed at the district level. RESULTS: A total of 13,802 households were surveyed in which 19,662 children were examined for TF and 44,135 adults aged ≥15 years were examined for TT. District-level TF prevalence in 1–9-year-olds ranged from 0.1% in Bikaner (95% CI: 0.01–0.3) to 2.1% in Dholpur (95% CI: 1.6–2.8) and that of trichiasis ranged from 0.7 per 1000 in Pauri Garhwal (95% CI: 0.01–1.4) to 22.1 per 1000 (95% CI: 15.8–28.4) in Car Nicobar. In four districts (Car Nicobar, Dholpur, Hoshiarpur, Tonk), trichiasis prevalence in adults aged ≥15 years was ≥0.2%. CONCLUSION: TF was not a public health problem in any of the districts surveyed; thus, antibiotic mass drug administration is not needed. However, TT among adults was found to be above 0.2% in four districts; thus, further trichiasis surgery interventions at the public health level are warranted to achieve elimination. These findings will facilitate planning for elimination of trachoma as a public health problem in India. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9675499 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Wolters Kluwer - Medknow |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96754992022-11-20 Current status of trachoma in India: Results from the National Trachoma Prevalence Survey Gupta, Noopur Vashist, Praveen Senjam, Suraj S Gupta, Vivek Wadhwani, Meenakshi Manna, Souvik Grover, Sumit Bhardwaj, Amit Indian J Ophthalmol Original Article PURPOSE: In the mid-twentieth century, trachoma was endemic in the northwestern states of India. We aimed to generate recent estimates of prevalence of trachomatous inflammation, follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in ten suspected-endemic districts across seven previously hyper-endemic states and union territories for trachoma in India including Delhi, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Gujarat, Uttarakhand and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. METHODS: Population-based prevalence surveys were undertaken in 10 districts. In each of those districts, two-stage cluster sampling was used to select a sample of 2000 children aged 1–9 years and all adults aged ≥15 years in the enumerated households from a total of 20 clusters per district. Consenting eligible participants were examined for trachoma by trained ophthalmologists using the World Health Organization’s simplified grading system. Data were analyzed at the district level. RESULTS: A total of 13,802 households were surveyed in which 19,662 children were examined for TF and 44,135 adults aged ≥15 years were examined for TT. District-level TF prevalence in 1–9-year-olds ranged from 0.1% in Bikaner (95% CI: 0.01–0.3) to 2.1% in Dholpur (95% CI: 1.6–2.8) and that of trichiasis ranged from 0.7 per 1000 in Pauri Garhwal (95% CI: 0.01–1.4) to 22.1 per 1000 (95% CI: 15.8–28.4) in Car Nicobar. In four districts (Car Nicobar, Dholpur, Hoshiarpur, Tonk), trichiasis prevalence in adults aged ≥15 years was ≥0.2%. CONCLUSION: TF was not a public health problem in any of the districts surveyed; thus, antibiotic mass drug administration is not needed. However, TT among adults was found to be above 0.2% in four districts; thus, further trichiasis surgery interventions at the public health level are warranted to achieve elimination. These findings will facilitate planning for elimination of trachoma as a public health problem in India. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2022-09 2022-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9675499/ /pubmed/36018099 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_503_22 Text en Copyright: © 2022 Indian Journal of Ophthalmology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Gupta, Noopur Vashist, Praveen Senjam, Suraj S Gupta, Vivek Wadhwani, Meenakshi Manna, Souvik Grover, Sumit Bhardwaj, Amit Current status of trachoma in India: Results from the National Trachoma Prevalence Survey |
title | Current status of trachoma in India: Results from the National Trachoma Prevalence Survey |
title_full | Current status of trachoma in India: Results from the National Trachoma Prevalence Survey |
title_fullStr | Current status of trachoma in India: Results from the National Trachoma Prevalence Survey |
title_full_unstemmed | Current status of trachoma in India: Results from the National Trachoma Prevalence Survey |
title_short | Current status of trachoma in India: Results from the National Trachoma Prevalence Survey |
title_sort | current status of trachoma in india: results from the national trachoma prevalence survey |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9675499/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36018099 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_503_22 |
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