Maximum power extraction and DC-Bus voltage regulation in grid-connected PV/BES system using modified incremental inductance with a novel inverter control

Low ripples and variations in the DC-Bus voltage in single-phase Photovoltaic/Battery Energy Storage (PV/BES) grid-connected systems may cause significant harmonics distortion, instability, and reduction in power factor. The use of short-life electrolytic capacitor on the DC-Bus is considered a standard way for reducing these ripples and variations because of its large capacitance but results in short lifetime of the inverter. Replacing large electrolytic capacitors with small film capacitors can extend the lifetime of a PV/BES grid-connected system because small film capacitors have longer lifetime than large electrolytic capacitors. These film capacitors have low capacitance, which causes severe oscillations in the output current, and voltage drop due to huge ripples on the DC-Bus voltage. In this research, the main goal is to eliminate the output current ripples and voltage fluctuations associated with employing film capacitors. First, a modified incremental conductance (MIC) technique is proposed for tracking the maximum power by controlling the duty ratio of the DC-DC boost converter. Second, for the first time, a simple and novel d-q current regulation technique, which employs flowchart decision logic, is used in the DC-Bus control system for both the PV power system and the state of charge (SOC) of the BES. In this case, the DC-Bus controller is characterized by a cost-effective implementation because of its low sampling frequency. Although the presented approaches are successful in eliminating voltage distortion and fluctuations, they have unacceptable dynamic performance. Therefore, to improve the dynamic performance, BES was used to maintain a reliable and stable harvest from PV modules for varying loads while also increasing the dynamic performance of the overall system. The proposed PV/BES grid-connected systems, which employs a small 10-µF bus capacitor, is simulated and connected to the grid (230 V, 50 Hz). The DC-Bus voltage overshoot, undershoot and the total harmonics distortion (THD) of the output current for the proposed MIC are (1 V), (2.5 V) and (less than 5%), respectively. The average time response under rising radiation to track the global peak for MIC, traditional incremental conductance and variable step size incremental conductance are 1.403 s, 1.501 s and 1.113 s respectively. The obtained findings demonstrated the efficacy and superiority of the proposed d-q current control and MIC technique.