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The coastal fog and ecological balance for plants in the Jizan region, Saudi Arabia

Fog water collection provides a sustainable resource for watering of crops. The Jizan region is one of the smallest states in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) but very rich with unique flora, fauna, landscape diversity, and occurrence of fog. According to satellite data from the period between (199...

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Autores principales: Valjarević, Aleksandar, Algarni, Salem, Morar, Cezar, Grama, Vasile, Stupariu, Marius, Tiba, Alexandru, Lukić, Tin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9677205/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36419925
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103494
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author Valjarević, Aleksandar
Algarni, Salem
Morar, Cezar
Grama, Vasile
Stupariu, Marius
Tiba, Alexandru
Lukić, Tin
author_facet Valjarević, Aleksandar
Algarni, Salem
Morar, Cezar
Grama, Vasile
Stupariu, Marius
Tiba, Alexandru
Lukić, Tin
author_sort Valjarević, Aleksandar
collection PubMed
description Fog water collection provides a sustainable resource for watering of crops. The Jizan region is one of the smallest states in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) but very rich with unique flora, fauna, landscape diversity, and occurrence of fog. According to satellite data from the period between (1991–2021) the average visibility in this fog belt varied between 5 m and 100 m. Specific relief properties, such as elevation contrast, present rare space for flora preservation and sustainable fog utilization and use in the watering of crops. Some results showed that number of foggy days is not equal and can be divided in three big cycles. It was estimated that 8 × 1013 L, or 80 m(3) of fresh water from fog per year, could be used for drinking and partly for farming in Jizan region from settlements Al Araq and Al Gandla, city of Jizan, Al Madaya, Al Mubarakiyah, Muwassam. This amount of water varied through time. The last observational period had large amount of water, 10 × 1013 L or 100 m(3). The main methodologies used in this research were advanced GIS (Geographical Information Systems), Remote Sensing (RS), and numerical analysis. Satellite data were downloaded from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Landsat 8 and 9 satellite missions. This kind of alternative water may produce stability for three main plants in Jizan region, palm, wheat and olive. Typical arid regions in KSA can be transformed by water used from the fog.
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spelling pubmed-96772052022-11-22 The coastal fog and ecological balance for plants in the Jizan region, Saudi Arabia Valjarević, Aleksandar Algarni, Salem Morar, Cezar Grama, Vasile Stupariu, Marius Tiba, Alexandru Lukić, Tin Saudi J Biol Sci Original Article Fog water collection provides a sustainable resource for watering of crops. The Jizan region is one of the smallest states in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) but very rich with unique flora, fauna, landscape diversity, and occurrence of fog. According to satellite data from the period between (1991–2021) the average visibility in this fog belt varied between 5 m and 100 m. Specific relief properties, such as elevation contrast, present rare space for flora preservation and sustainable fog utilization and use in the watering of crops. Some results showed that number of foggy days is not equal and can be divided in three big cycles. It was estimated that 8 × 1013 L, or 80 m(3) of fresh water from fog per year, could be used for drinking and partly for farming in Jizan region from settlements Al Araq and Al Gandla, city of Jizan, Al Madaya, Al Mubarakiyah, Muwassam. This amount of water varied through time. The last observational period had large amount of water, 10 × 1013 L or 100 m(3). The main methodologies used in this research were advanced GIS (Geographical Information Systems), Remote Sensing (RS), and numerical analysis. Satellite data were downloaded from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Landsat 8 and 9 satellite missions. This kind of alternative water may produce stability for three main plants in Jizan region, palm, wheat and olive. Typical arid regions in KSA can be transformed by water used from the fog. Elsevier 2023-01 2022-11-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9677205/ /pubmed/36419925 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103494 Text en © 2022 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Original Article
Valjarević, Aleksandar
Algarni, Salem
Morar, Cezar
Grama, Vasile
Stupariu, Marius
Tiba, Alexandru
Lukić, Tin
The coastal fog and ecological balance for plants in the Jizan region, Saudi Arabia
title The coastal fog and ecological balance for plants in the Jizan region, Saudi Arabia
title_full The coastal fog and ecological balance for plants in the Jizan region, Saudi Arabia
title_fullStr The coastal fog and ecological balance for plants in the Jizan region, Saudi Arabia
title_full_unstemmed The coastal fog and ecological balance for plants in the Jizan region, Saudi Arabia
title_short The coastal fog and ecological balance for plants in the Jizan region, Saudi Arabia
title_sort coastal fog and ecological balance for plants in the jizan region, saudi arabia
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9677205/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36419925
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103494
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