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Tongue features of patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis
Traditional Chinese tongue diagnosis plays an irreplaceable role in disease diagnosis. This study aimed to describe the tongue characteristics of patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM). Forty GLM patients and 40 non-GLM controls were evaluated using the Traditional Chinese Medicine subje...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9678557/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36401439 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000031327 |
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author | Chen, Jiajing Yang, Jiyong Qin, Yuenong Sun, Chenping Xu, Jiatuo Zhou, Xiqiu Wu, Chunyu Xu, Yiyun Liu, Sheng |
author_facet | Chen, Jiajing Yang, Jiyong Qin, Yuenong Sun, Chenping Xu, Jiatuo Zhou, Xiqiu Wu, Chunyu Xu, Yiyun Liu, Sheng |
author_sort | Chen, Jiajing |
collection | PubMed |
description | Traditional Chinese tongue diagnosis plays an irreplaceable role in disease diagnosis. This study aimed to describe the tongue characteristics of patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM). Forty GLM patients and 40 non-GLM controls were evaluated using the Traditional Chinese Medicine subjective clinical interpretation and a TDA-1 Tongue Diagnostic and Analysis system. The associations between the image features of the tongue body and coating and the profiling of immune-inflammatory parameters were analyzed. GLM patients were prone to a reddish tongue bodies with thick, white, and greasy coatings. Thick and greasy tongue coating features are risk factors for GLM. GLM patients had higher levels of white blood cells (WBC), platelets, C-reactive protein, interleukin-2, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) than non-GLM controls (P < .05). Also, tongue coating contrast and entropy values were significantly correlated with WBC or TGF-β levels in GLM patients (r < −0.310 and P < .05). We demonstrated that the hot evil and phlegm-dampness constitutions are the main characteristics of GLM. This might provide a reference for GLM diagnosis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9678557 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96785572022-11-22 Tongue features of patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis Chen, Jiajing Yang, Jiyong Qin, Yuenong Sun, Chenping Xu, Jiatuo Zhou, Xiqiu Wu, Chunyu Xu, Yiyun Liu, Sheng Medicine (Baltimore) 5600 Traditional Chinese tongue diagnosis plays an irreplaceable role in disease diagnosis. This study aimed to describe the tongue characteristics of patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM). Forty GLM patients and 40 non-GLM controls were evaluated using the Traditional Chinese Medicine subjective clinical interpretation and a TDA-1 Tongue Diagnostic and Analysis system. The associations between the image features of the tongue body and coating and the profiling of immune-inflammatory parameters were analyzed. GLM patients were prone to a reddish tongue bodies with thick, white, and greasy coatings. Thick and greasy tongue coating features are risk factors for GLM. GLM patients had higher levels of white blood cells (WBC), platelets, C-reactive protein, interleukin-2, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) than non-GLM controls (P < .05). Also, tongue coating contrast and entropy values were significantly correlated with WBC or TGF-β levels in GLM patients (r < −0.310 and P < .05). We demonstrated that the hot evil and phlegm-dampness constitutions are the main characteristics of GLM. This might provide a reference for GLM diagnosis. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2022-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9678557/ /pubmed/36401439 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000031327 Text en Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | 5600 Chen, Jiajing Yang, Jiyong Qin, Yuenong Sun, Chenping Xu, Jiatuo Zhou, Xiqiu Wu, Chunyu Xu, Yiyun Liu, Sheng Tongue features of patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis |
title | Tongue features of patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis |
title_full | Tongue features of patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis |
title_fullStr | Tongue features of patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis |
title_full_unstemmed | Tongue features of patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis |
title_short | Tongue features of patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis |
title_sort | tongue features of patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis |
topic | 5600 |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9678557/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36401439 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000031327 |
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