High-viscosity versus low-viscosity cement for the treatment of vertebral compression fractures: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

High viscosity cement (HVC) and low viscosity cement (LVC) have been used to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). Our study was to assess the safety and efficacy of HVC and LVC in treating OVCFs. METHODS: We searched the electronic database for randomized controlled trials of HVC and LVC to treat OVCFs. Random-effects model was performed to pool the outcomes about operation time, visual analogue scale (VAS), bone cement injection volume, oswestry disability index (ODI), bone cement leakage and adjacent vertebral fractures. RESULTS: Twelve randomized trials were included in the meta-analysis. The 2 groups had similar changes in terms of bone cement injection volume, ODI and adjacent vertebral fractures. The HVC group showed shorter operation time and better VAS score improvement. The bone cement leakage rate of the HVC group was significantly better than LVC group (P < .00001).According to the location of bone cement leakage, in the leakages of the veins (P < .00001), the intervertebral disc (P < .00001), the paravertebral area (P = .003) and the intraspinal space (P = .03), the HVC group were significantly better than the LVC group. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of bone cement injection volume, ODI and adjacent vertebral fractures, the 2 group are equivalent. HVC had a shorter operation time, lower bone cement leakage rate and better VAS score improvement, compared with LVC.