TKIs combined with chemotherapy followed by allo-HSCT in Philadelphia chromosome-positive myelodysplastic syndrome: A case report and literature review

Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) positive myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a very rare disease. At present, the specific role of Ph in MDS is not clear, but such patients seem to have a poor prognosis, so the disease deserves attention. Here, we describe the history of a woman with Ph-positive MDS and perform a systematic review of related literature. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSIS: We report a 38-year-old woman with Ph-positive MDS. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES: She received chemotherapy with decitabine, cytarabine, aclarubicin, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (DCAG) combined with imatinib mesylate and achieved a bone marrow remission. She then underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The condition is good and no recurrence of the disease has been observed. CONCLUSION: Ph-positive MDS is a very rare disease. Ph may aid in the malignant progression of MDS leaving such patients with a very poor prognosis. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) plus chemotherapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has provided these patients with satisfactory outcomes.