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Post-traumatic stress disorder and risk for hospitalization and death following COVID-19 infection
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an increased risk for physical illnesses and early mortality. However, we do not know if it also increases the risk for adverse outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this retrospective cohort study, we examined associations of PT...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9678873/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36411283 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02156-w |
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author | Nishimi, Kristen Neylan, Thomas C. Bertenthal, Daniel Dolsen, Emily A. Seal, Karen H. O’Donovan, Aoife |
author_facet | Nishimi, Kristen Neylan, Thomas C. Bertenthal, Daniel Dolsen, Emily A. Seal, Karen H. O’Donovan, Aoife |
author_sort | Nishimi, Kristen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an increased risk for physical illnesses and early mortality. However, we do not know if it also increases the risk for adverse outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this retrospective cohort study, we examined associations of PTSD and other psychiatric disorders with risk for hospitalization and death in the 60 days following a COVID-19 infection in 228,367 U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) patients who tested positive for COVID-19 between February 2020 and August 2021 (age m = 60.6, 89.5% male). Generalized linear models estimated associations of PTSD and other psychiatric disorders with outcomes following a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, adjusting for socio-demographic, medical, and behavioral factors. Among 228,367 VA patients, 25.6% had PTSD, and 28.2% had a psychiatric disorder other than PTSD. In the 60 days following a positive COVID-19 test, 15% of patients were hospitalized, and 6% died. Patients with PTSD had an increased risk for both hospitalization (adjusted relative risk, ARR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.15–1.21) and death (ARR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.08–1.19) relative to those with no psychiatric disorders, adjusting for socio-demographics. Estimates remained significant when models were additionally adjusted for medical comorbidities and smoking. Patients with other psychiatric disorders also had an increased risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes, with larger effect sizes than PTSD in older (≥65 years) but not younger patients. In this large-scale study of VA patients, individuals with PTSD, and other psychiatric disorders, had heightened vulnerability to severe adverse outcomes of COVID-19; thus, individuals with PTSD should also be considered at higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes, and potentially prioritized for vaccination, screening, and early treatment intervention for COVID-19. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9678873 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96788732022-11-23 Post-traumatic stress disorder and risk for hospitalization and death following COVID-19 infection Nishimi, Kristen Neylan, Thomas C. Bertenthal, Daniel Dolsen, Emily A. Seal, Karen H. O’Donovan, Aoife Transl Psychiatry Article Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an increased risk for physical illnesses and early mortality. However, we do not know if it also increases the risk for adverse outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this retrospective cohort study, we examined associations of PTSD and other psychiatric disorders with risk for hospitalization and death in the 60 days following a COVID-19 infection in 228,367 U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) patients who tested positive for COVID-19 between February 2020 and August 2021 (age m = 60.6, 89.5% male). Generalized linear models estimated associations of PTSD and other psychiatric disorders with outcomes following a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, adjusting for socio-demographic, medical, and behavioral factors. Among 228,367 VA patients, 25.6% had PTSD, and 28.2% had a psychiatric disorder other than PTSD. In the 60 days following a positive COVID-19 test, 15% of patients were hospitalized, and 6% died. Patients with PTSD had an increased risk for both hospitalization (adjusted relative risk, ARR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.15–1.21) and death (ARR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.08–1.19) relative to those with no psychiatric disorders, adjusting for socio-demographics. Estimates remained significant when models were additionally adjusted for medical comorbidities and smoking. Patients with other psychiatric disorders also had an increased risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes, with larger effect sizes than PTSD in older (≥65 years) but not younger patients. In this large-scale study of VA patients, individuals with PTSD, and other psychiatric disorders, had heightened vulnerability to severe adverse outcomes of COVID-19; thus, individuals with PTSD should also be considered at higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes, and potentially prioritized for vaccination, screening, and early treatment intervention for COVID-19. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-11-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9678873/ /pubmed/36411283 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02156-w Text en © This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Nishimi, Kristen Neylan, Thomas C. Bertenthal, Daniel Dolsen, Emily A. Seal, Karen H. O’Donovan, Aoife Post-traumatic stress disorder and risk for hospitalization and death following COVID-19 infection |
title | Post-traumatic stress disorder and risk for hospitalization and death following COVID-19 infection |
title_full | Post-traumatic stress disorder and risk for hospitalization and death following COVID-19 infection |
title_fullStr | Post-traumatic stress disorder and risk for hospitalization and death following COVID-19 infection |
title_full_unstemmed | Post-traumatic stress disorder and risk for hospitalization and death following COVID-19 infection |
title_short | Post-traumatic stress disorder and risk for hospitalization and death following COVID-19 infection |
title_sort | post-traumatic stress disorder and risk for hospitalization and death following covid-19 infection |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9678873/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36411283 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02156-w |
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