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Challenges and advances in measuring sap flow in agriculture and agroforestry: A review with focus on nuclear magnetic resonance
Sap flow measurement is one of the most effective methods for quantifying plant water use.A better understanding of sap flow dynamics can aid in more efficient water and crop management, particularly under unpredictable rainfall patterns and water scarcity resulting from climate change. In addition...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9679431/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36426161 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1036078 |
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author | Kumar, Ritesh Hosseinzadehtaher, Mohsen Hein, Nathan Shadmand, Mohammad Jagadish, S. V. Krishna Ghanbarian, Behzad |
author_facet | Kumar, Ritesh Hosseinzadehtaher, Mohsen Hein, Nathan Shadmand, Mohammad Jagadish, S. V. Krishna Ghanbarian, Behzad |
author_sort | Kumar, Ritesh |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sap flow measurement is one of the most effective methods for quantifying plant water use.A better understanding of sap flow dynamics can aid in more efficient water and crop management, particularly under unpredictable rainfall patterns and water scarcity resulting from climate change. In addition to detecting infected plants, sap flow measurement helps select plant species that could better cope with hotter and drier conditions. There exist multiple methods to measure sap flow including heat balance, dyes and radiolabeled tracers. Heat sensor-based techniques are the most popular and commercially available to study plant hydraulics, even though most of them are invasive and associated with multiple kinds of errors. Heat-based methods are prone to errors due to misalignment of probes and wounding, despite all the advances in this technology. Among existing methods for measuring sap flow, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an appropriate non-invasive approach. However, there are challenges associated with applications of NMR to measure sap flow in trees or field crops, such as producing homogeneous magnetic field, bulkiness and poor portable nature of the instruments, and operational complexity. Nonetheless, various advances have been recently made that allow the manufacture of portable NMR tools for measuring sap flow in plants. The basic concept of the portal NMR tool is based on an external magnetic field to measure the sap flow and hence advances in magnet types and magnet arrangements (e.g., C-type, U-type, and Halbach magnets) are critical components of NMR-based sap flow measuring tools. Developing a non-invasive, portable and inexpensive NMR tool that can be easily used under field conditions would significantly improve our ability to monitor vegetation responses to environmental change. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9679431 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96794312022-11-23 Challenges and advances in measuring sap flow in agriculture and agroforestry: A review with focus on nuclear magnetic resonance Kumar, Ritesh Hosseinzadehtaher, Mohsen Hein, Nathan Shadmand, Mohammad Jagadish, S. V. Krishna Ghanbarian, Behzad Front Plant Sci Plant Science Sap flow measurement is one of the most effective methods for quantifying plant water use.A better understanding of sap flow dynamics can aid in more efficient water and crop management, particularly under unpredictable rainfall patterns and water scarcity resulting from climate change. In addition to detecting infected plants, sap flow measurement helps select plant species that could better cope with hotter and drier conditions. There exist multiple methods to measure sap flow including heat balance, dyes and radiolabeled tracers. Heat sensor-based techniques are the most popular and commercially available to study plant hydraulics, even though most of them are invasive and associated with multiple kinds of errors. Heat-based methods are prone to errors due to misalignment of probes and wounding, despite all the advances in this technology. Among existing methods for measuring sap flow, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an appropriate non-invasive approach. However, there are challenges associated with applications of NMR to measure sap flow in trees or field crops, such as producing homogeneous magnetic field, bulkiness and poor portable nature of the instruments, and operational complexity. Nonetheless, various advances have been recently made that allow the manufacture of portable NMR tools for measuring sap flow in plants. The basic concept of the portal NMR tool is based on an external magnetic field to measure the sap flow and hence advances in magnet types and magnet arrangements (e.g., C-type, U-type, and Halbach magnets) are critical components of NMR-based sap flow measuring tools. Developing a non-invasive, portable and inexpensive NMR tool that can be easily used under field conditions would significantly improve our ability to monitor vegetation responses to environmental change. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-11-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9679431/ /pubmed/36426161 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1036078 Text en Copyright © 2022 Kumar, Hosseinzadehtaher, Hein, Shadmand, Jagadish and Ghanbarian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Kumar, Ritesh Hosseinzadehtaher, Mohsen Hein, Nathan Shadmand, Mohammad Jagadish, S. V. Krishna Ghanbarian, Behzad Challenges and advances in measuring sap flow in agriculture and agroforestry: A review with focus on nuclear magnetic resonance |
title | Challenges and advances in measuring sap flow in agriculture and agroforestry: A review with focus on nuclear magnetic resonance |
title_full | Challenges and advances in measuring sap flow in agriculture and agroforestry: A review with focus on nuclear magnetic resonance |
title_fullStr | Challenges and advances in measuring sap flow in agriculture and agroforestry: A review with focus on nuclear magnetic resonance |
title_full_unstemmed | Challenges and advances in measuring sap flow in agriculture and agroforestry: A review with focus on nuclear magnetic resonance |
title_short | Challenges and advances in measuring sap flow in agriculture and agroforestry: A review with focus on nuclear magnetic resonance |
title_sort | challenges and advances in measuring sap flow in agriculture and agroforestry: a review with focus on nuclear magnetic resonance |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9679431/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36426161 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1036078 |
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