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Altered neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in sepsis secondary to canine parvoviral enteritis treated with and without an immunomodulator in puppies

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a cheap and easy-to-obtain biomarker that mirrors the balance between innate and adaptive immunity. Cortisol and catecholamines have been identified as major drivers of NLR. High cortisol levels increase neutrophils while simultaneously decreasing lymphocyte c...

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Autores principales: Muñoz, Adriana I., Maldonado-García, José Luis, Fragozo, Ana, Vallejo-Castillo, Luis, Lucas-Gonzalez, Amellalli, Trejo-Martínez, Ismael, Pavón, Lenin, Pérez-Sánchez, Gilberto, Cobos-Marin, Laura, Pérez-Tapia, Sonia Mayra
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9679511/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36425123
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.995443
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author Muñoz, Adriana I.
Maldonado-García, José Luis
Fragozo, Ana
Vallejo-Castillo, Luis
Lucas-Gonzalez, Amellalli
Trejo-Martínez, Ismael
Pavón, Lenin
Pérez-Sánchez, Gilberto
Cobos-Marin, Laura
Pérez-Tapia, Sonia Mayra
author_facet Muñoz, Adriana I.
Maldonado-García, José Luis
Fragozo, Ana
Vallejo-Castillo, Luis
Lucas-Gonzalez, Amellalli
Trejo-Martínez, Ismael
Pavón, Lenin
Pérez-Sánchez, Gilberto
Cobos-Marin, Laura
Pérez-Tapia, Sonia Mayra
author_sort Muñoz, Adriana I.
collection PubMed
description Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a cheap and easy-to-obtain biomarker that mirrors the balance between innate and adaptive immunity. Cortisol and catecholamines have been identified as major drivers of NLR. High cortisol levels increase neutrophils while simultaneously decreasing lymphocyte counts. Likewise, endogenous catecholamines may cause leukocytosis and lymphopenia. Thus, NLR allows us to monitor patient severity in conditions such as sepsis. Twenty-six puppies with sepsis secondary to canine parvoviral enteritis were treated with and without an immunomodulator. Our group determined the NLR and the plasmatic cortisol levels by chemiluminescence, and norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) by HPLC during the first 72 h of clinical follow-up. Our results showed that at admission puppies presented an NLR value of 1.8, cortisol of 314.9 nmol/L, NE 3.7, and E 3.3 pmol/mL. Both treatments decreased admission NLR values after 24 h of treatment. However, only the puppies treated with the immunomodulator (I) remained without significant changes in NLR (0.7–1.4) compared to the CT group, and that showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) in their NLR value (0.4–4.6). In addition, we found significant differences in the slope values between the admission and final values of NLR (P < 0.005), cortisol (P < 0.02), and E (P < 0.05) between treatments. Then, our data suggest that the immunomodulator positively affects the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils involved in NLR as well as major drivers like cortisol and epinephrine, which is reflected in clinical parameters and survival.
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spelling pubmed-96795112022-11-23 Altered neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in sepsis secondary to canine parvoviral enteritis treated with and without an immunomodulator in puppies Muñoz, Adriana I. Maldonado-García, José Luis Fragozo, Ana Vallejo-Castillo, Luis Lucas-Gonzalez, Amellalli Trejo-Martínez, Ismael Pavón, Lenin Pérez-Sánchez, Gilberto Cobos-Marin, Laura Pérez-Tapia, Sonia Mayra Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a cheap and easy-to-obtain biomarker that mirrors the balance between innate and adaptive immunity. Cortisol and catecholamines have been identified as major drivers of NLR. High cortisol levels increase neutrophils while simultaneously decreasing lymphocyte counts. Likewise, endogenous catecholamines may cause leukocytosis and lymphopenia. Thus, NLR allows us to monitor patient severity in conditions such as sepsis. Twenty-six puppies with sepsis secondary to canine parvoviral enteritis were treated with and without an immunomodulator. Our group determined the NLR and the plasmatic cortisol levels by chemiluminescence, and norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) by HPLC during the first 72 h of clinical follow-up. Our results showed that at admission puppies presented an NLR value of 1.8, cortisol of 314.9 nmol/L, NE 3.7, and E 3.3 pmol/mL. Both treatments decreased admission NLR values after 24 h of treatment. However, only the puppies treated with the immunomodulator (I) remained without significant changes in NLR (0.7–1.4) compared to the CT group, and that showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) in their NLR value (0.4–4.6). In addition, we found significant differences in the slope values between the admission and final values of NLR (P < 0.005), cortisol (P < 0.02), and E (P < 0.05) between treatments. Then, our data suggest that the immunomodulator positively affects the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils involved in NLR as well as major drivers like cortisol and epinephrine, which is reflected in clinical parameters and survival. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-11-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9679511/ /pubmed/36425123 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.995443 Text en Copyright © 2022 Muñoz, Maldonado-García, Fragozo, Vallejo-Castillo, Lucas-Gonzalez, Trejo-Martínez, Pavón, Pérez-Sánchez, Cobos-Marin and Pérez-Tapia. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Muñoz, Adriana I.
Maldonado-García, José Luis
Fragozo, Ana
Vallejo-Castillo, Luis
Lucas-Gonzalez, Amellalli
Trejo-Martínez, Ismael
Pavón, Lenin
Pérez-Sánchez, Gilberto
Cobos-Marin, Laura
Pérez-Tapia, Sonia Mayra
Altered neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in sepsis secondary to canine parvoviral enteritis treated with and without an immunomodulator in puppies
title Altered neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in sepsis secondary to canine parvoviral enteritis treated with and without an immunomodulator in puppies
title_full Altered neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in sepsis secondary to canine parvoviral enteritis treated with and without an immunomodulator in puppies
title_fullStr Altered neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in sepsis secondary to canine parvoviral enteritis treated with and without an immunomodulator in puppies
title_full_unstemmed Altered neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in sepsis secondary to canine parvoviral enteritis treated with and without an immunomodulator in puppies
title_short Altered neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in sepsis secondary to canine parvoviral enteritis treated with and without an immunomodulator in puppies
title_sort altered neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in sepsis secondary to canine parvoviral enteritis treated with and without an immunomodulator in puppies
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9679511/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36425123
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.995443
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