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Measles Induced Encephalitis: Recent Interventions to Overcome the Obstacles Encountered in the Management Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

Encephalitis, a well-known complication of measles, is inflammation of the brain parenchyma which is mostly due to the viral invasion of neurons. It presents with a variety of symptoms ranging from mild to severe depending on the extent of the damaged neurons. The diagnosis is based on clinical symp...

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Autores principales: Diwan, Mufaddal Najmuddin, Samad, Saba, Mushtaq, Rabeea, Aamir, Alifiya, Allahuddin, Zoha, Ullah, Irfan, Ullah Afridi, Rifayat, Ambreen, Aneela, Khan, Adel, Ehsan, Nimra, Ehsan Khattak, Zoia, Ventriglio, Antonio, De Berardis, Domenico
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9680274/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36412598
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases10040104
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author Diwan, Mufaddal Najmuddin
Samad, Saba
Mushtaq, Rabeea
Aamir, Alifiya
Allahuddin, Zoha
Ullah, Irfan
Ullah Afridi, Rifayat
Ambreen, Aneela
Khan, Adel
Ehsan, Nimra
Ehsan Khattak, Zoia
Ventriglio, Antonio
De Berardis, Domenico
author_facet Diwan, Mufaddal Najmuddin
Samad, Saba
Mushtaq, Rabeea
Aamir, Alifiya
Allahuddin, Zoha
Ullah, Irfan
Ullah Afridi, Rifayat
Ambreen, Aneela
Khan, Adel
Ehsan, Nimra
Ehsan Khattak, Zoia
Ventriglio, Antonio
De Berardis, Domenico
author_sort Diwan, Mufaddal Najmuddin
collection PubMed
description Encephalitis, a well-known complication of measles, is inflammation of the brain parenchyma which is mostly due to the viral invasion of neurons. It presents with a variety of symptoms ranging from mild to severe depending on the extent of the damaged neurons. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms such as fever, headache, altered level of consciousness, focal neurological deficits, etc. A detailed history and physical examination facilitate the diagnosis. Investigations include blood tests for measles-specific antibodies, CT, MRI, and analysis of the CSF. The management of measles-induced encephalitis mainly revolves around prevention against contracting the disease and providing supportive care if acquired. The administration of the measles vaccine is the major means of preventing this disease in childhood. Two doses are required to achieve sufficient immunity against measles, the first at the age of 12–15 months and the second at 4–6 years of age. Supportive care includes administering acetaminophen for fever, oral rehydrating salt (ORS) for diarrhea and vomiting, antibiotics for otitis media and pneumonia, and using anti-epileptics such as sodium valproate for seizures. Vitamin A can be given to prevent severe effects in children. The specific treatment would depend on the type of encephalitis the patient has developed.
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spelling pubmed-96802742022-11-23 Measles Induced Encephalitis: Recent Interventions to Overcome the Obstacles Encountered in the Management Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic Diwan, Mufaddal Najmuddin Samad, Saba Mushtaq, Rabeea Aamir, Alifiya Allahuddin, Zoha Ullah, Irfan Ullah Afridi, Rifayat Ambreen, Aneela Khan, Adel Ehsan, Nimra Ehsan Khattak, Zoia Ventriglio, Antonio De Berardis, Domenico Diseases Review Encephalitis, a well-known complication of measles, is inflammation of the brain parenchyma which is mostly due to the viral invasion of neurons. It presents with a variety of symptoms ranging from mild to severe depending on the extent of the damaged neurons. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms such as fever, headache, altered level of consciousness, focal neurological deficits, etc. A detailed history and physical examination facilitate the diagnosis. Investigations include blood tests for measles-specific antibodies, CT, MRI, and analysis of the CSF. The management of measles-induced encephalitis mainly revolves around prevention against contracting the disease and providing supportive care if acquired. The administration of the measles vaccine is the major means of preventing this disease in childhood. Two doses are required to achieve sufficient immunity against measles, the first at the age of 12–15 months and the second at 4–6 years of age. Supportive care includes administering acetaminophen for fever, oral rehydrating salt (ORS) for diarrhea and vomiting, antibiotics for otitis media and pneumonia, and using anti-epileptics such as sodium valproate for seizures. Vitamin A can be given to prevent severe effects in children. The specific treatment would depend on the type of encephalitis the patient has developed. MDPI 2022-11-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9680274/ /pubmed/36412598 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases10040104 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Diwan, Mufaddal Najmuddin
Samad, Saba
Mushtaq, Rabeea
Aamir, Alifiya
Allahuddin, Zoha
Ullah, Irfan
Ullah Afridi, Rifayat
Ambreen, Aneela
Khan, Adel
Ehsan, Nimra
Ehsan Khattak, Zoia
Ventriglio, Antonio
De Berardis, Domenico
Measles Induced Encephalitis: Recent Interventions to Overcome the Obstacles Encountered in the Management Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
title Measles Induced Encephalitis: Recent Interventions to Overcome the Obstacles Encountered in the Management Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_full Measles Induced Encephalitis: Recent Interventions to Overcome the Obstacles Encountered in the Management Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_fullStr Measles Induced Encephalitis: Recent Interventions to Overcome the Obstacles Encountered in the Management Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_full_unstemmed Measles Induced Encephalitis: Recent Interventions to Overcome the Obstacles Encountered in the Management Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_short Measles Induced Encephalitis: Recent Interventions to Overcome the Obstacles Encountered in the Management Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_sort measles induced encephalitis: recent interventions to overcome the obstacles encountered in the management amidst the covid-19 pandemic
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9680274/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36412598
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases10040104
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