Evaluation of CD4(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte association with some clinicopathological indices of oral squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The delayed diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) affects therapeutic and prognostic strategies, and provides regional recurrence or distant metastasis. The tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are known as a critical diagnostic biomarker in antitumor immune response. We evaluated the association between CD4(+) T-lymphocyte marker, some clinicopathological indices, and the impact of TILs on the stage and grade of OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 37 OSCC specimens including 16 early and 21 advanced stages (categorized base-on recent clinical oncology references) and their related healthy surgical margin (as internal control group) were collected. Obtained histochemical data were analyzed by SPSS V.23 software. The expression of CD4(+) marker in tumor microenvironment (TME) was compared by nonparametric Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis as well as Fisher’s exact tests. P < 0.05 was remarked statistically significant. RESULTS: The low-grade patients represented more CD4(+) TIL that was statistically significant (P = 0.011). However, there was no statistically significant difference in CD4(+) TIL between various stages (P = 0.404), tumor size, and lymph node involvement (P > 0.05). Moreover, there was no significant relation between TIL infiltration, age, and tumor localization (P > 0.05), however CD4(+) expression in women was more than men (P = 0.008). The CD4(+) T-lymphocyte infiltration in TME was more significant than healthy surgical margin (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between healthy surgical margin and different grades and stages of OSCCs that lower grades demonstrated more CD4(+) TIL infiltration (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The CD4(+) T-lymphocytes may play important role in differentiation and maturity of epithelial cell, tumorigenesis, and progression of OSCC.