Efficacy and safety of dronedarone across age and sex subgroups: a post hoc analysis of the ATHENA study among patients with non-permanent atrial fibrillation/flutter

AIMS: Age and sex may impact the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs on cardiovascular outcomes and arrhythmia recurrences in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We report on a post hoc analysis of the ATHENA study (NCT00174785), which examined cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-permanent AF treated with dronedarone vs. placebo. METHODS AND RESULTS: Efficacy and safety of dronedarone were assessed in patients according to age and sex. Baseline characteristics were comparable across subgroups, except for cardiovascular comorbidities, which were more frequent with increasing age. Dronedarone significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular hospitalization or death due to any cause among patients 65–74 [n = 1830; hazard ratio (HR) 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60–0.83; P < 0.0001] and ≥75 (n = 1925; HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65–0.88; P = 0.0002) years old and among males (n = 2459; HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.64–0.84; P < 0.00001) and females (n = 2169; HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67–0.89; P = 0.0002); outcomes were similar for time to AF/AFL recurrence. Among patients aged <65 years (n = 873), cardiovascular hospitalization or death due to any cause with dronedarone vs. placebo was associated with an HR of 0.89 (95% CI 0.71–1.11; P = 0.3). The incidence of all treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and TEAEs leading to treatment discontinuation was comparable among males and females, and increased with increasing age. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the use of dronedarone for the improvement of clinical outcomes among patients aged ≥65 years and regardless of sex.