Prevalence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from dogs suffering from diarrhea in and around Kolkata

BACKGROUND: Dogs are the favorite companion animals among humans. The close interaction between dogs and people increases the risk of antibiotic resistance spreading. Surveillance for antimicrobial resistance and the identification of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli as an indicator bacterium is an important tool for managing antimicrobial drug therapy. AIMS: The present study targeted to identify and characterize ESBL-producing E. coli among dogs suffering from diarrhea in and around Kolkata. METHODS: Isolation and identification of E. coli from dogs suffering from diarrhea (n=70) along with screening for the production of both ESBL and AmpC. The isolates were further characterized through antimicrobial resistance profiling, resistance genes (bla(CTX-M), bla(TEM), and bla(SHV)) screening, and phylogenetic group study. RESULTS: Among the 70 isolates, 21 (30%) were confirmed ESBL producers. An antibiogram typing of ESBL-producing E. coli revealed that the majority of them were resistant to norfloxacin (85.7%) followed by tetracycline (61.90%), doxycycline (57.14%), piperacillin/tazobactam (52.38%), cotrimoxazole (47.62%), gentamicin (42.62%), amikacin (23.81%), and chloramphenicol (19.05%). Major resistance genes included bla(CTX-M) (100%), bla(TEM) (28.57%), and bla(SHV) (9.50%). The predominant phylogenetic groups were phylogroup A (76%) followed by phylogroup D (24%). CONCLUSION: The current investigation reported a high prevalence of both ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC) producing E. coli, co-resistance to a distinct group of antibiotics, and co-existence of different ESBL genes in dogs. Our findings highlight the importance of diagnostic antimicrobial susceptibility testing for proper antimicrobial therapy and to prevent antimicrobial resistance from spreading to humans from dogs in Kolkata and the surrounding area.