Challenges for Emergent Combined Cesarean Delivery and Type A Aortic Dissection Repair Including Bleeding Management in the Setting of Full Heparinization: A Case Report

Type A aortic dissection is rare in young females; however, it is associated with a high mortality rate. This case report describes a 30-year-old female at 38 weeks of gestation who presented with acute onset chest pain and hypotension responsive to intravenous fluid therapy. Transthoracic echocardiogram and chest computed tomography angiography confirmed a type A aortic dissection. The patient was transported urgently to the operating room for a Cesarean section and aortic dissection repair. Following induction of general anesthesia, the baby was delivered, oxytocin infusion was started, and a Bakri balloon was placed in the uterus. On cardiopulmonary bypass with circulatory arrest, the ascending aorta and aortic valve were repaired. Multiple uterotonic agents were required intraoperatively to manage persistent uterine bleeding in the setting of full heparinization. Both mother and baby survived without major complications. Preoperative management should focus on maternal hemodynamic control while completing a diagnostic evaluation. Intraoperative considerations include minimizing fetal exposure to medication, maintaining hemodynamic stability, and managing intraoperative blood loss in the setting of full anticoagulation.