Evaluation of the performance of yielding rockbolts during rockbursts using numerical modeling method

The assessment of yielding rockbolt performance during rockbursts with actual seismic loading is essential for rockburst supporting designs. In this paper, two types of yielding rockbolts (D-bolt and Roofex) and the fully resin-grouted rebar bolt are modeled via the “rockbolt” element in universal distinct element code (UDEC) after an exact calibration procedure. A two-dimensional (2D) model of a deep tunnel is built to fully evaluate the performance (e.g., capacity of energy-absorption and control of rock damage) of yielding and traditional rockbolts based on the simulated rockbursts. The influence of different rockburst magnitudes is also studied. The results suggest that the D-bolt can effectively control and mitigate rockburst damage during a weak rockburst because of its high strength and deformation capacity. The Roofex is too “soft” or “smooth” to limit the movement of ejected rocks and restrain the large deformation, although it has an excellent deformation capacity. The resin-grouted rebar bolt can maintain a high axial force level during rockbursts but is easy to break during dynamic shocks, which fails to control rapid rock bulking or ejection. Three types of rockbolts cannot control the large deformation and mitigate rockburst damage effectively during violent rockbursts. The rockburst damage severity can be significantly reduced by additional support with cable bolts. This study highlights the effectiveness of numerical modeling methods in assessing the complex performance of yielding rockbolts during rockbursts, which can provide some references to improve and optimize the design of rock supporting in burst-prone grounds.