GC–MS and Network Pharmacology Analysis of the Ayurvedic Fermented Medicine, Chandanasava, Against Chronic Kidney and Cardiovascular Diseases

Chandanasava is an Ayurvedic polyherbal fermented traditional medicine (FTM) used by traditional practitioners for millennia. Nevertheless, the mode of action and functional targets are still unknown. The current study includes a pharmacological network analysis to identify the Chandanasava compounds interacting with target proteins involved in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sixty-one Chandanasava phytochemicals were obtained by GC–MS and screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP). The disease target genes were obtained from DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. Forty-five phytocompounds and 135 potential targets were screened for CKD and CVD target proteins and protein interaction networks were constructed. The pharmacological network was deciphered employing target proteins involved in the mechanical action of Chandanasava. The results indicated that 10 bioactive compounds exhibited higher binding affinity patterns with the screened 42 CKD and CVD target proteins. Gene Ontology and KEGG analysis revealed target pathways involved in CKD and CVD, which were further explored by detailed analysis and network-coupled drug profile screening. The molecular docking results showed piperine and melatonin as effective inhibitors/regulators of the hub genes of CKD and CVD. The current study establishing authentic bioactive compounds in FTM is based on deeper insights into recognized Ayurvedic medicines. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: Representing the workflow of the network pharmacological analysis [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12010-022-04242-7.