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Proximity matrix indicates heterogeneity in the ability to face child malnutrition and pandemics in Brazil: An ecological study
BACKGROUND: Among the social inequalities that continue to still surpasses the basic rights of several citizens, political and environmental organizations decisively “drag” the “ghost” of hunger between different countries of the world, including Brazil. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the diffi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9686321/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36438240 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1019300 |
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author | Miguel, Camila Botelho da Silva, Arianny Lima Trindade-da-Silva, Carlos Antônio de Abreu, Melissa Carvalho Martins Oliveira, Carlo José Freire Rodrigues, Wellington Francisco |
author_facet | Miguel, Camila Botelho da Silva, Arianny Lima Trindade-da-Silva, Carlos Antônio de Abreu, Melissa Carvalho Martins Oliveira, Carlo José Freire Rodrigues, Wellington Francisco |
author_sort | Miguel, Camila Botelho |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Among the social inequalities that continue to still surpasses the basic rights of several citizens, political and environmental organizations decisively “drag” the “ghost” of hunger between different countries of the world, including Brazil. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the difficulties encountered in fighting poverty, which has led Brazil to a worrying situation regarding its fragility in the fight against new pandemics. OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to estimate, compare, and report the prevalence of mortality due to child malnutrition among the macro-regions of Brazil and verify possible associations with the outcome of death by COVID-19. This would identify the most fragile macro-regions in the country with the greatest need for care and investments. METHODS: The prevalence of mortality was determined using data from the federal government database (DataSus). Child malnutrition was evaluated for the period from 1996 to 2017 and COVID-19 was evaluated from February to December 2020. The (dis)similarity between deaths from malnutrition and COVID-19 was evaluated by proximity matrix. RESULTS: The North and Northeast regions have above average number of deaths than expected for Brazil (p < 0.05). A prospective analysis reveals that the distribution of the North and Northeast macro-regions exceeds the upper limit of the CI in Brazil for up to the year 2024 (p < 0.05). The proximity matrix demonstrated the close relationship between deaths from COVID-19 and malnutrition for the Northern region followed by the Northeast region. CONCLUSIONS: There are discrepancies in frequencies between macro-regions. Prospective data indicate serious problems for the North and Northeast regions for the coming years. Therefore, strategies to contain the outcome of health hazards must be intensified in the macro-regions North and Northeast of the country. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9686321 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96863212022-11-25 Proximity matrix indicates heterogeneity in the ability to face child malnutrition and pandemics in Brazil: An ecological study Miguel, Camila Botelho da Silva, Arianny Lima Trindade-da-Silva, Carlos Antônio de Abreu, Melissa Carvalho Martins Oliveira, Carlo José Freire Rodrigues, Wellington Francisco Front Public Health Public Health BACKGROUND: Among the social inequalities that continue to still surpasses the basic rights of several citizens, political and environmental organizations decisively “drag” the “ghost” of hunger between different countries of the world, including Brazil. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the difficulties encountered in fighting poverty, which has led Brazil to a worrying situation regarding its fragility in the fight against new pandemics. OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to estimate, compare, and report the prevalence of mortality due to child malnutrition among the macro-regions of Brazil and verify possible associations with the outcome of death by COVID-19. This would identify the most fragile macro-regions in the country with the greatest need for care and investments. METHODS: The prevalence of mortality was determined using data from the federal government database (DataSus). Child malnutrition was evaluated for the period from 1996 to 2017 and COVID-19 was evaluated from February to December 2020. The (dis)similarity between deaths from malnutrition and COVID-19 was evaluated by proximity matrix. RESULTS: The North and Northeast regions have above average number of deaths than expected for Brazil (p < 0.05). A prospective analysis reveals that the distribution of the North and Northeast macro-regions exceeds the upper limit of the CI in Brazil for up to the year 2024 (p < 0.05). The proximity matrix demonstrated the close relationship between deaths from COVID-19 and malnutrition for the Northern region followed by the Northeast region. CONCLUSIONS: There are discrepancies in frequencies between macro-regions. Prospective data indicate serious problems for the North and Northeast regions for the coming years. Therefore, strategies to contain the outcome of health hazards must be intensified in the macro-regions North and Northeast of the country. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-11-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9686321/ /pubmed/36438240 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1019300 Text en Copyright © 2022 Miguel, da Silva, Trindade-da-Silva, Abreu, Oliveira and Rodrigues. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Public Health Miguel, Camila Botelho da Silva, Arianny Lima Trindade-da-Silva, Carlos Antônio de Abreu, Melissa Carvalho Martins Oliveira, Carlo José Freire Rodrigues, Wellington Francisco Proximity matrix indicates heterogeneity in the ability to face child malnutrition and pandemics in Brazil: An ecological study |
title | Proximity matrix indicates heterogeneity in the ability to face child malnutrition and pandemics in Brazil: An ecological study |
title_full | Proximity matrix indicates heterogeneity in the ability to face child malnutrition and pandemics in Brazil: An ecological study |
title_fullStr | Proximity matrix indicates heterogeneity in the ability to face child malnutrition and pandemics in Brazil: An ecological study |
title_full_unstemmed | Proximity matrix indicates heterogeneity in the ability to face child malnutrition and pandemics in Brazil: An ecological study |
title_short | Proximity matrix indicates heterogeneity in the ability to face child malnutrition and pandemics in Brazil: An ecological study |
title_sort | proximity matrix indicates heterogeneity in the ability to face child malnutrition and pandemics in brazil: an ecological study |
topic | Public Health |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9686321/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36438240 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1019300 |
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