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Rational Use of Ceftriaxone in Necrotizing Fasciitis and Mortality Associated with Bloodstream Infection and Hemorrhagic Bullous Lesions
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon life-threatening necrotizing skin and soft tissue infection. The formation of hemorrhagic bullae is a special skin sign of NF. The purposes of this study were to investigate the incidence of hemorrhagic bullae formation and bacteremia associated with differe...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9686534/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36358109 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111454 |
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author | Chen, Hung-Yen Huang, Tsung-Yu Chen, Jiun-Liang Kuo, Liang-Tseng Huang, Kuo-Chin Tsai, Yao-Hung |
author_facet | Chen, Hung-Yen Huang, Tsung-Yu Chen, Jiun-Liang Kuo, Liang-Tseng Huang, Kuo-Chin Tsai, Yao-Hung |
author_sort | Chen, Hung-Yen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon life-threatening necrotizing skin and soft tissue infection. The formation of hemorrhagic bullae is a special skin sign of NF. The purposes of this study were to investigate the incidence of hemorrhagic bullae formation and bacteremia associated with different organisms, to appraise the appropriate use of ceftriaxone, and to compare the clinical and laboratory risk indicators of NF patients with Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections on the initial examination. Methods: From March 2018 to December 2020, there were seventy-four NF patients with positive monomicrobial bacterial cultures enrolled based on surgical confirmation, and were categorized into two groups: the Gram-positive group and the Gram-negative group. Ceftriaxone susceptibility tests were carried out using the standard disk diffusion technique. Data, such as demographics, clinical outcomes, microbiological results, presentations of hemorrhagic bullae, and laboratory findings, were compared among these two groups. Results: The Gram-negative group included 52 patients, of whom 6 patients died, resulting in a mortality rate of 11.5%. The Gram-positive group included 22 patients and none died. Patients with bacteremia, hemorrhagic bullae, shock, fever, higher segmented forms and banded forms, and lower platelet counts constituted higher proportions in the Gram-negative group than in the Gram-positive group. The multivariate analysis identified six variables for the differentiation of Gram-negative and Gram-positive NF: the presentation of bacteremia, hemorrhagic bullae, shock at first consultation, fever with body temperature > 38.5 °C, band forms > 0%, and segmented forms ≦ 74%. A total of 66 isolates (89.2%) was susceptible to ceftriaxone. Conclusions: Gram-negative NF patients were significantly associated with hemorrhagic bullae presentation, blood stream infection, and mortality. Physicians should be alert to NF patients with the appearance of bacteremia, shock, fever, higher WBC banded and segmented forms, and lower platelet counts at the emergency department, with patients revealed to more likely have Gram-negative infections. Ceftriaxone with/without other appropriate antibiotics under the supervision of infectious doctors appeared to be clinically effective for the treatment of NF and blood stream infections. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9686534 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96865342022-11-25 Rational Use of Ceftriaxone in Necrotizing Fasciitis and Mortality Associated with Bloodstream Infection and Hemorrhagic Bullous Lesions Chen, Hung-Yen Huang, Tsung-Yu Chen, Jiun-Liang Kuo, Liang-Tseng Huang, Kuo-Chin Tsai, Yao-Hung Antibiotics (Basel) Article Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon life-threatening necrotizing skin and soft tissue infection. The formation of hemorrhagic bullae is a special skin sign of NF. The purposes of this study were to investigate the incidence of hemorrhagic bullae formation and bacteremia associated with different organisms, to appraise the appropriate use of ceftriaxone, and to compare the clinical and laboratory risk indicators of NF patients with Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections on the initial examination. Methods: From March 2018 to December 2020, there were seventy-four NF patients with positive monomicrobial bacterial cultures enrolled based on surgical confirmation, and were categorized into two groups: the Gram-positive group and the Gram-negative group. Ceftriaxone susceptibility tests were carried out using the standard disk diffusion technique. Data, such as demographics, clinical outcomes, microbiological results, presentations of hemorrhagic bullae, and laboratory findings, were compared among these two groups. Results: The Gram-negative group included 52 patients, of whom 6 patients died, resulting in a mortality rate of 11.5%. The Gram-positive group included 22 patients and none died. Patients with bacteremia, hemorrhagic bullae, shock, fever, higher segmented forms and banded forms, and lower platelet counts constituted higher proportions in the Gram-negative group than in the Gram-positive group. The multivariate analysis identified six variables for the differentiation of Gram-negative and Gram-positive NF: the presentation of bacteremia, hemorrhagic bullae, shock at first consultation, fever with body temperature > 38.5 °C, band forms > 0%, and segmented forms ≦ 74%. A total of 66 isolates (89.2%) was susceptible to ceftriaxone. Conclusions: Gram-negative NF patients were significantly associated with hemorrhagic bullae presentation, blood stream infection, and mortality. Physicians should be alert to NF patients with the appearance of bacteremia, shock, fever, higher WBC banded and segmented forms, and lower platelet counts at the emergency department, with patients revealed to more likely have Gram-negative infections. Ceftriaxone with/without other appropriate antibiotics under the supervision of infectious doctors appeared to be clinically effective for the treatment of NF and blood stream infections. MDPI 2022-10-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9686534/ /pubmed/36358109 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111454 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Chen, Hung-Yen Huang, Tsung-Yu Chen, Jiun-Liang Kuo, Liang-Tseng Huang, Kuo-Chin Tsai, Yao-Hung Rational Use of Ceftriaxone in Necrotizing Fasciitis and Mortality Associated with Bloodstream Infection and Hemorrhagic Bullous Lesions |
title | Rational Use of Ceftriaxone in Necrotizing Fasciitis and Mortality Associated with Bloodstream Infection and Hemorrhagic Bullous Lesions |
title_full | Rational Use of Ceftriaxone in Necrotizing Fasciitis and Mortality Associated with Bloodstream Infection and Hemorrhagic Bullous Lesions |
title_fullStr | Rational Use of Ceftriaxone in Necrotizing Fasciitis and Mortality Associated with Bloodstream Infection and Hemorrhagic Bullous Lesions |
title_full_unstemmed | Rational Use of Ceftriaxone in Necrotizing Fasciitis and Mortality Associated with Bloodstream Infection and Hemorrhagic Bullous Lesions |
title_short | Rational Use of Ceftriaxone in Necrotizing Fasciitis and Mortality Associated with Bloodstream Infection and Hemorrhagic Bullous Lesions |
title_sort | rational use of ceftriaxone in necrotizing fasciitis and mortality associated with bloodstream infection and hemorrhagic bullous lesions |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9686534/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36358109 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111454 |
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