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The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases
The thioredoxin system, consisting of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH, plays a fundamental role in the control of antioxidant defenses, cell proliferation, redox states, and apoptosis. Aberrations in the Trx system may lead to increased oxidative stress toxicity and neurod...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9686621/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36358532 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112161 |
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author | Bjørklund, Geir Zou, Lili Peana, Massimiliano Chasapis, Christos T. Hangan, Tony Lu, Jun Maes, Michael |
author_facet | Bjørklund, Geir Zou, Lili Peana, Massimiliano Chasapis, Christos T. Hangan, Tony Lu, Jun Maes, Michael |
author_sort | Bjørklund, Geir |
collection | PubMed |
description | The thioredoxin system, consisting of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH, plays a fundamental role in the control of antioxidant defenses, cell proliferation, redox states, and apoptosis. Aberrations in the Trx system may lead to increased oxidative stress toxicity and neurodegenerative processes. This study reviews the role of the Trx system in the pathophysiology and treatment of Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases, brain stroke, and multiple sclerosis. Trx system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of those disorders via multiple interactions through oxidative stress, apoptotic, neuro-immune, and pro-survival pathways. Multiple aberrations in Trx and TrxR systems related to other redox systems and their multiple reciprocal relationships with the neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, and neuro-oxidative pathways are here analyzed. Genetic and environmental factors (nutrition, metals, and toxins) may impact the function of the Trx system, thereby contributing to neuropsychiatric disease. Aberrations in the Trx and TrxR systems could be a promising drug target to prevent and treat neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, neuro-oxidative stress processes, and related brain disorders. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9686621 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96866212022-11-25 The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases Bjørklund, Geir Zou, Lili Peana, Massimiliano Chasapis, Christos T. Hangan, Tony Lu, Jun Maes, Michael Antioxidants (Basel) Review The thioredoxin system, consisting of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH, plays a fundamental role in the control of antioxidant defenses, cell proliferation, redox states, and apoptosis. Aberrations in the Trx system may lead to increased oxidative stress toxicity and neurodegenerative processes. This study reviews the role of the Trx system in the pathophysiology and treatment of Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases, brain stroke, and multiple sclerosis. Trx system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of those disorders via multiple interactions through oxidative stress, apoptotic, neuro-immune, and pro-survival pathways. Multiple aberrations in Trx and TrxR systems related to other redox systems and their multiple reciprocal relationships with the neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, and neuro-oxidative pathways are here analyzed. Genetic and environmental factors (nutrition, metals, and toxins) may impact the function of the Trx system, thereby contributing to neuropsychiatric disease. Aberrations in the Trx and TrxR systems could be a promising drug target to prevent and treat neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, neuro-oxidative stress processes, and related brain disorders. MDPI 2022-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9686621/ /pubmed/36358532 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112161 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Bjørklund, Geir Zou, Lili Peana, Massimiliano Chasapis, Christos T. Hangan, Tony Lu, Jun Maes, Michael The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases |
title | The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases |
title_full | The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases |
title_fullStr | The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases |
title_short | The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases |
title_sort | role of the thioredoxin system in brain diseases |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9686621/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36358532 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112161 |
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