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The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases

The thioredoxin system, consisting of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH, plays a fundamental role in the control of antioxidant defenses, cell proliferation, redox states, and apoptosis. Aberrations in the Trx system may lead to increased oxidative stress toxicity and neurod...

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Autores principales: Bjørklund, Geir, Zou, Lili, Peana, Massimiliano, Chasapis, Christos T., Hangan, Tony, Lu, Jun, Maes, Michael
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9686621/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36358532
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112161
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author Bjørklund, Geir
Zou, Lili
Peana, Massimiliano
Chasapis, Christos T.
Hangan, Tony
Lu, Jun
Maes, Michael
author_facet Bjørklund, Geir
Zou, Lili
Peana, Massimiliano
Chasapis, Christos T.
Hangan, Tony
Lu, Jun
Maes, Michael
author_sort Bjørklund, Geir
collection PubMed
description The thioredoxin system, consisting of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH, plays a fundamental role in the control of antioxidant defenses, cell proliferation, redox states, and apoptosis. Aberrations in the Trx system may lead to increased oxidative stress toxicity and neurodegenerative processes. This study reviews the role of the Trx system in the pathophysiology and treatment of Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases, brain stroke, and multiple sclerosis. Trx system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of those disorders via multiple interactions through oxidative stress, apoptotic, neuro-immune, and pro-survival pathways. Multiple aberrations in Trx and TrxR systems related to other redox systems and their multiple reciprocal relationships with the neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, and neuro-oxidative pathways are here analyzed. Genetic and environmental factors (nutrition, metals, and toxins) may impact the function of the Trx system, thereby contributing to neuropsychiatric disease. Aberrations in the Trx and TrxR systems could be a promising drug target to prevent and treat neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, neuro-oxidative stress processes, and related brain disorders.
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spelling pubmed-96866212022-11-25 The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases Bjørklund, Geir Zou, Lili Peana, Massimiliano Chasapis, Christos T. Hangan, Tony Lu, Jun Maes, Michael Antioxidants (Basel) Review The thioredoxin system, consisting of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH, plays a fundamental role in the control of antioxidant defenses, cell proliferation, redox states, and apoptosis. Aberrations in the Trx system may lead to increased oxidative stress toxicity and neurodegenerative processes. This study reviews the role of the Trx system in the pathophysiology and treatment of Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases, brain stroke, and multiple sclerosis. Trx system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of those disorders via multiple interactions through oxidative stress, apoptotic, neuro-immune, and pro-survival pathways. Multiple aberrations in Trx and TrxR systems related to other redox systems and their multiple reciprocal relationships with the neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, and neuro-oxidative pathways are here analyzed. Genetic and environmental factors (nutrition, metals, and toxins) may impact the function of the Trx system, thereby contributing to neuropsychiatric disease. Aberrations in the Trx and TrxR systems could be a promising drug target to prevent and treat neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, neuro-oxidative stress processes, and related brain disorders. MDPI 2022-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9686621/ /pubmed/36358532 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112161 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Bjørklund, Geir
Zou, Lili
Peana, Massimiliano
Chasapis, Christos T.
Hangan, Tony
Lu, Jun
Maes, Michael
The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases
title The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases
title_full The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases
title_fullStr The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases
title_full_unstemmed The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases
title_short The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases
title_sort role of the thioredoxin system in brain diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9686621/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36358532
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112161
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