Boron- and Boric Acid-Treated Titanium Implant Surfaces in Sheep Tibia: A Histologic, Histomorphometric and Mechanical Study

The aim of this study was to compare the topographical, chemical and osseointegration characteristics of sandblasting and acid-etching (SLA) surfaces and dental implants treated by boron compounds. Titanium (Ti) disks (n = 20) were modified using boron (B) and boric acid (H(3)BO(3)) and then compared with the conventional SLA surface via surface topographic characterizations. Dental implants (3.5 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length) with the experimental surfaces (n = 96) were inserted into the tibias of six sheep, which were left to heal for 3 and 7 weeks. Histologic, histomorphometric (bone–implant contact (BIC%)) and mechanical tests (removal torque value (RTV)) were performed. The boron-coated surface (BC group) was smoother (Rz: 4.51 μm ± 0.13) than the SLA (5.86 μm ± 0.80) and the SLA-B (5.75 μm ± 0.64) groups (p = 0.033). After 3 weeks, the highest mean RTV was found in the SLA group (37 N/cm ± 2.87), and the difference compared with the BC group (30 N/cm ± 2.60) was statistically significant (p = 0.004). After 7 weeks, the mean RTV was >80 N/cm in all groups; the highest was measured in the H(3)BO(3)-treated (BS) group (89 N/cm ± 1.53) (p < 0.0001). No statistically significant differences were found in the BIC%s during both healing periods between the groups. H(3)BO(3) seems to be a promising medium for dental implant osseointegration.