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Pathogenesis of Vascular Retinal Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients: A Review

Pandemic infection secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had an important impact on the general population affecting not only respiratory tract but also many other organs. Ocular manifestations are quite common at the level of the anterior segment (conjunctivitis, dry eye), while posterio...

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Autores principales: D’Alessandro, Elisa, Kawasaki, Aki, Eandi, Chiara M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9687698/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36359227
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10112710
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author D’Alessandro, Elisa
Kawasaki, Aki
Eandi, Chiara M.
author_facet D’Alessandro, Elisa
Kawasaki, Aki
Eandi, Chiara M.
author_sort D’Alessandro, Elisa
collection PubMed
description Pandemic infection secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had an important impact on the general population affecting not only respiratory tract but also many other organs. Ocular manifestations are quite common at the level of the anterior segment (conjunctivitis, dry eye), while posterior segment and, in particular, retinal findings are less frequent. In the retina, COVID-19 is associated with vascular events. Since retinal arteries and veins represent an accessible window to the microvasculature of the rest of the body, a better understanding of the profile of retinal vascular occlusive events may help elucidate mechanisms of thrombo-occlusive complications in other organs in patients affected by COVID-19. In this review, we conducted a systematic literature search focused on retinal arterial and/or retinal venous manifestations. Twenty-one studies were included, describing a wide range of manifestations from mild signs like cotton wool spots, focal and flame-shaped hemorrhages, and vein dilation to more severe retinal artery and vein occlusions. Two principal pathogenetic mechanisms are considered responsible for these complications: a hypercoagulative state and a massive inflammatory response leading to a disseminated intravascular coagulation-like syndrome.
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spelling pubmed-96876982022-11-25 Pathogenesis of Vascular Retinal Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients: A Review D’Alessandro, Elisa Kawasaki, Aki Eandi, Chiara M. Biomedicines Review Pandemic infection secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had an important impact on the general population affecting not only respiratory tract but also many other organs. Ocular manifestations are quite common at the level of the anterior segment (conjunctivitis, dry eye), while posterior segment and, in particular, retinal findings are less frequent. In the retina, COVID-19 is associated with vascular events. Since retinal arteries and veins represent an accessible window to the microvasculature of the rest of the body, a better understanding of the profile of retinal vascular occlusive events may help elucidate mechanisms of thrombo-occlusive complications in other organs in patients affected by COVID-19. In this review, we conducted a systematic literature search focused on retinal arterial and/or retinal venous manifestations. Twenty-one studies were included, describing a wide range of manifestations from mild signs like cotton wool spots, focal and flame-shaped hemorrhages, and vein dilation to more severe retinal artery and vein occlusions. Two principal pathogenetic mechanisms are considered responsible for these complications: a hypercoagulative state and a massive inflammatory response leading to a disseminated intravascular coagulation-like syndrome. MDPI 2022-10-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9687698/ /pubmed/36359227 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10112710 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
D’Alessandro, Elisa
Kawasaki, Aki
Eandi, Chiara M.
Pathogenesis of Vascular Retinal Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients: A Review
title Pathogenesis of Vascular Retinal Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients: A Review
title_full Pathogenesis of Vascular Retinal Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients: A Review
title_fullStr Pathogenesis of Vascular Retinal Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Pathogenesis of Vascular Retinal Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients: A Review
title_short Pathogenesis of Vascular Retinal Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients: A Review
title_sort pathogenesis of vascular retinal manifestations in covid-19 patients: a review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9687698/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36359227
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10112710
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