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Electrochemical Determination of Morphine in Urine Samples by Tailoring FeWO(4)/CPE Sensor
Morphine (MORPH) is natural alkaloid and mainly used as a pain reliever. Its monitoring in human body fluids is crucial for modern medicine. In this paper, we have developed an electrochemical sensor for submicromolar detection of MORPH. The sensor is based on modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) b...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9688003/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36354441 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12110932 |
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author | Ognjanović, Miloš Nikolić, Katarina Bošković, Marko Pastor, Ferenc Popov, Nina Marciuš, Marijan Krehula, Stjepko Antić, Bratislav Stanković, Dalibor M. |
author_facet | Ognjanović, Miloš Nikolić, Katarina Bošković, Marko Pastor, Ferenc Popov, Nina Marciuš, Marijan Krehula, Stjepko Antić, Bratislav Stanković, Dalibor M. |
author_sort | Ognjanović, Miloš |
collection | PubMed |
description | Morphine (MORPH) is natural alkaloid and mainly used as a pain reliever. Its monitoring in human body fluids is crucial for modern medicine. In this paper, we have developed an electrochemical sensor for submicromolar detection of MORPH. The sensor is based on modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) by investigating the Fe(x)W(1-x)O(4) ratio in iron tungstate (FeWO(4)), as well as the ratio of this material in CPE. For the first time, the effect of the iron–tungsten ratio in terms of achieving the best possible electrochemical characteristics for the detection of an important molecule for humans was examined. Morphological and electrochemical characteristics of materials were studied. The best results were obtained using Fe(1)W(3) and 7.5% of modifier in CPE. For MORPH detection, square wave voltammetry (SWV) was optimized. Under the optimized conditions, Fe(1)W(3)@CPE resulted in limit of detection (LOD) of the method of 0.58 µM and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.94 µM. The linear operating range between 5 and 85 µM of MORPH in the Britton–Robinson buffer solution (BRBS) at pH 8 as supporting electrolyte was obtained. The Fe(1)W(3)@CPE sensor resulted in good selectivity and excellent repeatability with relative standard deviation (RSD) and was applied in real-world samples of human urine. Application for direct MORPH detection, without tedious sample pretreatment procedures, suggests that developed electrochemical sensor has appeared to be a suitable competitor for efficient, precise, and accurate monitoring of the MORPH in biological fluids. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9688003 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96880032022-11-25 Electrochemical Determination of Morphine in Urine Samples by Tailoring FeWO(4)/CPE Sensor Ognjanović, Miloš Nikolić, Katarina Bošković, Marko Pastor, Ferenc Popov, Nina Marciuš, Marijan Krehula, Stjepko Antić, Bratislav Stanković, Dalibor M. Biosensors (Basel) Article Morphine (MORPH) is natural alkaloid and mainly used as a pain reliever. Its monitoring in human body fluids is crucial for modern medicine. In this paper, we have developed an electrochemical sensor for submicromolar detection of MORPH. The sensor is based on modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) by investigating the Fe(x)W(1-x)O(4) ratio in iron tungstate (FeWO(4)), as well as the ratio of this material in CPE. For the first time, the effect of the iron–tungsten ratio in terms of achieving the best possible electrochemical characteristics for the detection of an important molecule for humans was examined. Morphological and electrochemical characteristics of materials were studied. The best results were obtained using Fe(1)W(3) and 7.5% of modifier in CPE. For MORPH detection, square wave voltammetry (SWV) was optimized. Under the optimized conditions, Fe(1)W(3)@CPE resulted in limit of detection (LOD) of the method of 0.58 µM and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.94 µM. The linear operating range between 5 and 85 µM of MORPH in the Britton–Robinson buffer solution (BRBS) at pH 8 as supporting electrolyte was obtained. The Fe(1)W(3)@CPE sensor resulted in good selectivity and excellent repeatability with relative standard deviation (RSD) and was applied in real-world samples of human urine. Application for direct MORPH detection, without tedious sample pretreatment procedures, suggests that developed electrochemical sensor has appeared to be a suitable competitor for efficient, precise, and accurate monitoring of the MORPH in biological fluids. MDPI 2022-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9688003/ /pubmed/36354441 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12110932 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ognjanović, Miloš Nikolić, Katarina Bošković, Marko Pastor, Ferenc Popov, Nina Marciuš, Marijan Krehula, Stjepko Antić, Bratislav Stanković, Dalibor M. Electrochemical Determination of Morphine in Urine Samples by Tailoring FeWO(4)/CPE Sensor |
title | Electrochemical Determination of Morphine in Urine Samples by Tailoring FeWO(4)/CPE Sensor |
title_full | Electrochemical Determination of Morphine in Urine Samples by Tailoring FeWO(4)/CPE Sensor |
title_fullStr | Electrochemical Determination of Morphine in Urine Samples by Tailoring FeWO(4)/CPE Sensor |
title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemical Determination of Morphine in Urine Samples by Tailoring FeWO(4)/CPE Sensor |
title_short | Electrochemical Determination of Morphine in Urine Samples by Tailoring FeWO(4)/CPE Sensor |
title_sort | electrochemical determination of morphine in urine samples by tailoring fewo(4)/cpe sensor |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9688003/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36354441 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12110932 |
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