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COVID-19 and Lung Cancer Survival: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has increased morbidity and mortality in the general population. Patients with cancer have immune dysfunction due to the use of immunosuppressive agents, poor nutritional status, or the direct effects of the tumor on the reactivity of the i...

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Autores principales: Oldani, Simone, Petrelli, Fausto, Dognini, Giuseppina, Borgonovo, Karen, Parati, Maria Chiara, Ghilardi, Mara, Dottorini, Lorenzo, Cabiddu, Mary, Luciani, Andrea
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9688481/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36428798
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225706
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author Oldani, Simone
Petrelli, Fausto
Dognini, Giuseppina
Borgonovo, Karen
Parati, Maria Chiara
Ghilardi, Mara
Dottorini, Lorenzo
Cabiddu, Mary
Luciani, Andrea
author_facet Oldani, Simone
Petrelli, Fausto
Dognini, Giuseppina
Borgonovo, Karen
Parati, Maria Chiara
Ghilardi, Mara
Dottorini, Lorenzo
Cabiddu, Mary
Luciani, Andrea
author_sort Oldani, Simone
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has increased morbidity and mortality in the general population. Patients with cancer have immune dysfunction due to the use of immunosuppressive agents, poor nutritional status, or the direct effects of the tumor on the reactivity of the immune system, making oncological patients more susceptible to severe disease and death. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluated whether lung cancer increases the risk of severe COVID-19 and the risk of dying from the disease. We found that mortality in patients with lung cancer was significantly higher than that in control patients (HR = 2.00 [95%CI 1.52, 2.63], p < 0.01) or with other malignancies (HR = 1.91 [95%CI 1.53, 2.39], p < 0.01). In addition, we also observed a higher risk of severe infection in patients with lung cancer (HR = 1.47 [95%CI 1.06, 2.03], p = 0.02). We suggest that, in this setting, vaccine use may be considered a useful and mandatory measure to save lives. ABSTRACT: Introduction: The outbreak of COVID-19 poses an unprecedented challenge to global public health. Patients with cancer are at a higher risk during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Patients with lung cancer and COVID-19 were compared to those without cancer and those with other malignancies for the main outcome of this study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in susceptibility, disease severity, and mortality between lung cancer patients and the general population. Methods: Using PRISMA reporting guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature. The Cochrane Library database, PubMed, EMBASE, and PubMed Central were comprehensively searched for published papers until 31 May 2022. A pooled risk ratio (OR) with 95% CI was presented as the result of this meta-analysis. Results: We included 29 studies involved 21,257 patients with lung cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Analysis data showed that mortality in patients with lung cancer was significantly higher than that in patients without cancer (HR = 2.00 [95%CI 1.52, 2.63], p < 0.01) or with other malignancies (HR = 1.91 [95%CI 1.53, 2.39], p < 0.01). In addition, we also observed a higher risk of severe infection in terms of life-threatening or required ICU admission/mechanical ventilation for lung cancer patients (HR = 1.47 [95%CI 1.06, 2.03], p = 0.02) than for patients with no cancer or other malignancies. Regarding lung cancer as a risk factor for acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection, we could not reach statistical significance (hazard ratio [HR] =2.73 [95%CI 0.84, 8.94], p = 0.1). Conclusion: Lung cancer represents an important comorbidity and modifies COVID-19 prognosis in terms of disease severity and mortality. More patients experience severe or even fatal events. Considering their inherent fragility, patients with lung cancer, and generally all oncological populations, should be treated more carefully during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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spelling pubmed-96884812022-11-25 COVID-19 and Lung Cancer Survival: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Oldani, Simone Petrelli, Fausto Dognini, Giuseppina Borgonovo, Karen Parati, Maria Chiara Ghilardi, Mara Dottorini, Lorenzo Cabiddu, Mary Luciani, Andrea Cancers (Basel) Systematic Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has increased morbidity and mortality in the general population. Patients with cancer have immune dysfunction due to the use of immunosuppressive agents, poor nutritional status, or the direct effects of the tumor on the reactivity of the immune system, making oncological patients more susceptible to severe disease and death. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluated whether lung cancer increases the risk of severe COVID-19 and the risk of dying from the disease. We found that mortality in patients with lung cancer was significantly higher than that in control patients (HR = 2.00 [95%CI 1.52, 2.63], p < 0.01) or with other malignancies (HR = 1.91 [95%CI 1.53, 2.39], p < 0.01). In addition, we also observed a higher risk of severe infection in patients with lung cancer (HR = 1.47 [95%CI 1.06, 2.03], p = 0.02). We suggest that, in this setting, vaccine use may be considered a useful and mandatory measure to save lives. ABSTRACT: Introduction: The outbreak of COVID-19 poses an unprecedented challenge to global public health. Patients with cancer are at a higher risk during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Patients with lung cancer and COVID-19 were compared to those without cancer and those with other malignancies for the main outcome of this study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in susceptibility, disease severity, and mortality between lung cancer patients and the general population. Methods: Using PRISMA reporting guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature. The Cochrane Library database, PubMed, EMBASE, and PubMed Central were comprehensively searched for published papers until 31 May 2022. A pooled risk ratio (OR) with 95% CI was presented as the result of this meta-analysis. Results: We included 29 studies involved 21,257 patients with lung cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Analysis data showed that mortality in patients with lung cancer was significantly higher than that in patients without cancer (HR = 2.00 [95%CI 1.52, 2.63], p < 0.01) or with other malignancies (HR = 1.91 [95%CI 1.53, 2.39], p < 0.01). In addition, we also observed a higher risk of severe infection in terms of life-threatening or required ICU admission/mechanical ventilation for lung cancer patients (HR = 1.47 [95%CI 1.06, 2.03], p = 0.02) than for patients with no cancer or other malignancies. Regarding lung cancer as a risk factor for acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection, we could not reach statistical significance (hazard ratio [HR] =2.73 [95%CI 0.84, 8.94], p = 0.1). Conclusion: Lung cancer represents an important comorbidity and modifies COVID-19 prognosis in terms of disease severity and mortality. More patients experience severe or even fatal events. Considering their inherent fragility, patients with lung cancer, and generally all oncological populations, should be treated more carefully during the COVID-19 pandemic. MDPI 2022-11-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9688481/ /pubmed/36428798 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225706 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Systematic Review
Oldani, Simone
Petrelli, Fausto
Dognini, Giuseppina
Borgonovo, Karen
Parati, Maria Chiara
Ghilardi, Mara
Dottorini, Lorenzo
Cabiddu, Mary
Luciani, Andrea
COVID-19 and Lung Cancer Survival: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title COVID-19 and Lung Cancer Survival: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full COVID-19 and Lung Cancer Survival: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr COVID-19 and Lung Cancer Survival: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19 and Lung Cancer Survival: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short COVID-19 and Lung Cancer Survival: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort covid-19 and lung cancer survival: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
topic Systematic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9688481/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36428798
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225706
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