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MOGAD Involving Cranial Neuropathies: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an autoimmune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Patients with MOGAD may develop any combination of optic neuritis (ON), myelitis, brainstem syndrome and encephalitis. Reports of MOGAD w...

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Autores principales: Du, Yangsa, Xiao, Ling, Ding, Zijin, Huang, Kailing, Xiao, Bo, Feng, Li
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9688642/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36421853
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12111529
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author Du, Yangsa
Xiao, Ling
Ding, Zijin
Huang, Kailing
Xiao, Bo
Feng, Li
author_facet Du, Yangsa
Xiao, Ling
Ding, Zijin
Huang, Kailing
Xiao, Bo
Feng, Li
author_sort Du, Yangsa
collection PubMed
description Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an autoimmune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Patients with MOGAD may develop any combination of optic neuritis (ON), myelitis, brainstem syndrome and encephalitis. Reports of MOGAD with cranial nerve involvement are rare. Herein, we report a MOGAD patient with cranial neuropathies. In addition, we summarized the clinical features of the previously reported six MOG-IgG-positive cases with cranial nerve involvement and discussed the underlying mechanisms of MOGAD involving cranial nerves. Cranial neuropathy is an emerging phenotype in MOGAD, which has characteristics of both central and peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement, with the trigeminal nerve being the most commonly affected nerve. MOG antibody testing in patients with cranial neuropathies is warranted, and immunotherapy is advocated when the risk of relapse is high. Although higher antibody titers and persistently positive serological test results are predictive of disease recurrence, the long-term outcomes of MOG-IgG-positive patients with cranial neuropathies remain largely unknown.
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spelling pubmed-96886422022-11-25 MOGAD Involving Cranial Neuropathies: A Case Report and Review of Literature Du, Yangsa Xiao, Ling Ding, Zijin Huang, Kailing Xiao, Bo Feng, Li Brain Sci Case Report Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an autoimmune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Patients with MOGAD may develop any combination of optic neuritis (ON), myelitis, brainstem syndrome and encephalitis. Reports of MOGAD with cranial nerve involvement are rare. Herein, we report a MOGAD patient with cranial neuropathies. In addition, we summarized the clinical features of the previously reported six MOG-IgG-positive cases with cranial nerve involvement and discussed the underlying mechanisms of MOGAD involving cranial nerves. Cranial neuropathy is an emerging phenotype in MOGAD, which has characteristics of both central and peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement, with the trigeminal nerve being the most commonly affected nerve. MOG antibody testing in patients with cranial neuropathies is warranted, and immunotherapy is advocated when the risk of relapse is high. Although higher antibody titers and persistently positive serological test results are predictive of disease recurrence, the long-term outcomes of MOG-IgG-positive patients with cranial neuropathies remain largely unknown. MDPI 2022-11-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9688642/ /pubmed/36421853 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12111529 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Case Report
Du, Yangsa
Xiao, Ling
Ding, Zijin
Huang, Kailing
Xiao, Bo
Feng, Li
MOGAD Involving Cranial Neuropathies: A Case Report and Review of Literature
title MOGAD Involving Cranial Neuropathies: A Case Report and Review of Literature
title_full MOGAD Involving Cranial Neuropathies: A Case Report and Review of Literature
title_fullStr MOGAD Involving Cranial Neuropathies: A Case Report and Review of Literature
title_full_unstemmed MOGAD Involving Cranial Neuropathies: A Case Report and Review of Literature
title_short MOGAD Involving Cranial Neuropathies: A Case Report and Review of Literature
title_sort mogad involving cranial neuropathies: a case report and review of literature
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9688642/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36421853
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12111529
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