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Mechanisms of Cadmium-Induced Testicular Injury: A Risk to Male Fertility

Cadmium is a heavy toxic metal with unknown biological functions in the human body. Over time, cadmium accretion in the different visceral organs (liver, lungs, kidney, and testis) is said to impair the function of these organs, which is associated with a relatively long biological half-life and a v...

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Autores principales: Ali, Waseem, Ma, Yonggang, Zhu, Jiaqiao, Zou, Hui, Liu, Zongping
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9688678/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36429028
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11223601
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author Ali, Waseem
Ma, Yonggang
Zhu, Jiaqiao
Zou, Hui
Liu, Zongping
author_facet Ali, Waseem
Ma, Yonggang
Zhu, Jiaqiao
Zou, Hui
Liu, Zongping
author_sort Ali, Waseem
collection PubMed
description Cadmium is a heavy toxic metal with unknown biological functions in the human body. Over time, cadmium accretion in the different visceral organs (liver, lungs, kidney, and testis) is said to impair the function of these organs, which is associated with a relatively long biological half-life and a very low rate of excretion. Recently studies have revealed that the testes are highly sensitive to cadmium. In this review, we discussed the adverse effect of cadmium on the development and biological functions of the testis. The Sertoli cells (SCs), seminiferous tubules, and Blood Testis Barrier are severely structurally damaged by cadmium, which results in sperm loss. The development and function of Leydig cells are hindered by cadmium, which also induces Leydig cell tumors. The testis’s vascular system is severely disturbed by cadmium. Cadmium also perturbs the function of somatic cells and germ cells through epigenetic regulation, giving rise to infertile or sub-fertile males. In addition, we also summarized the other findings related to cadmium-induced oxidative toxicity, apoptotic toxicity, and autophagic toxicity, along with their possible mechanisms in the testicular tissue of different animal species. Consequently, cadmium represents a high-risk factor for male fertility.
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spelling pubmed-96886782022-11-25 Mechanisms of Cadmium-Induced Testicular Injury: A Risk to Male Fertility Ali, Waseem Ma, Yonggang Zhu, Jiaqiao Zou, Hui Liu, Zongping Cells Review Cadmium is a heavy toxic metal with unknown biological functions in the human body. Over time, cadmium accretion in the different visceral organs (liver, lungs, kidney, and testis) is said to impair the function of these organs, which is associated with a relatively long biological half-life and a very low rate of excretion. Recently studies have revealed that the testes are highly sensitive to cadmium. In this review, we discussed the adverse effect of cadmium on the development and biological functions of the testis. The Sertoli cells (SCs), seminiferous tubules, and Blood Testis Barrier are severely structurally damaged by cadmium, which results in sperm loss. The development and function of Leydig cells are hindered by cadmium, which also induces Leydig cell tumors. The testis’s vascular system is severely disturbed by cadmium. Cadmium also perturbs the function of somatic cells and germ cells through epigenetic regulation, giving rise to infertile or sub-fertile males. In addition, we also summarized the other findings related to cadmium-induced oxidative toxicity, apoptotic toxicity, and autophagic toxicity, along with their possible mechanisms in the testicular tissue of different animal species. Consequently, cadmium represents a high-risk factor for male fertility. MDPI 2022-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9688678/ /pubmed/36429028 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11223601 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ali, Waseem
Ma, Yonggang
Zhu, Jiaqiao
Zou, Hui
Liu, Zongping
Mechanisms of Cadmium-Induced Testicular Injury: A Risk to Male Fertility
title Mechanisms of Cadmium-Induced Testicular Injury: A Risk to Male Fertility
title_full Mechanisms of Cadmium-Induced Testicular Injury: A Risk to Male Fertility
title_fullStr Mechanisms of Cadmium-Induced Testicular Injury: A Risk to Male Fertility
title_full_unstemmed Mechanisms of Cadmium-Induced Testicular Injury: A Risk to Male Fertility
title_short Mechanisms of Cadmium-Induced Testicular Injury: A Risk to Male Fertility
title_sort mechanisms of cadmium-induced testicular injury: a risk to male fertility
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9688678/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36429028
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11223601
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