Cargando…

The Sub-Molecular and Atomic Theory of Cancer Beginning: The Role of Mitochondria

Life as we know it is made of strict interaction of atom, metabolism, and genetics, made around the chemistry of the most common elements of the universe: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and carbon. The interaction of atomic, metabolic, and genetic cycles results in the organization...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Balzanelli, Mario G., Distratis, Pietro, Lazzaro, Rita, Pham, Van H., Tran, Toai C., Dipalma, Gianna, Inchingolo, Francesco, Tomassone, Diego, Aityan, Sergey K., Vergara, Sossio, Nguyen, Kieu C. D., Isacco, Ciro Gargiulo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689078/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36359570
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112726
_version_ 1784836434319900672
author Balzanelli, Mario G.
Distratis, Pietro
Lazzaro, Rita
Pham, Van H.
Tran, Toai C.
Dipalma, Gianna
Inchingolo, Francesco
Tomassone, Diego
Aityan, Sergey K.
Vergara, Sossio
Nguyen, Kieu C. D.
Isacco, Ciro Gargiulo
author_facet Balzanelli, Mario G.
Distratis, Pietro
Lazzaro, Rita
Pham, Van H.
Tran, Toai C.
Dipalma, Gianna
Inchingolo, Francesco
Tomassone, Diego
Aityan, Sergey K.
Vergara, Sossio
Nguyen, Kieu C. D.
Isacco, Ciro Gargiulo
author_sort Balzanelli, Mario G.
collection PubMed
description Life as we know it is made of strict interaction of atom, metabolism, and genetics, made around the chemistry of the most common elements of the universe: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and carbon. The interaction of atomic, metabolic, and genetic cycles results in the organization and de-organization of chemical information of what we consider living entities, including cancer cells. In order to approach the problem of the origin of cancer, it is therefore reasonable to start from the assumption that the atomic structure, metabolism, and genetics of cancer cells share a common frame with prokaryotic mitochondria, embedded in conditions favorable for the onset of both. Despite years of research, cancer in its general acceptation remains enigmatic. Despite the increasing efforts to investigate the complexity of tumorigenesis, complementing the research on genetic and biochemical changes, researchers face insurmountable limitations due to the huge presence of variabilities in cancer and metastatic behavior. The atomic level of all biological activities it seems confirmed the electron behavior, especially within the mitochondria. The electron spin may be considered a key factor in basic biological processes defining the structure, reactivity, spectroscopic, and magnetic properties of a molecule. The use of magnetic fields (MF) has allowed a better understanding of the grade of influence on different biological systems, clarifying the multiple effects on electron behavior and consequently on cellular changes. Scientific advances focused on the mechanics of the cytoskeleton and the cellular microenvironment through mechanical properties of the cell nucleus and its connection to the cytoskeleton play a major role in cancer metastasis and progression. Here, we present a hypothesis regarding the changes that take place at the atomic and metabolic levels within the human mitochondria and the modifications that probably drive it in becoming cancer cell. We propose how atomic and metabolic changes in structure and composition could be considered the unintelligible reason of many cancers’ invulnerability, as it can modulate nuclear mechanics and promote metastatic processes. Improved insights into this interplay between this sub-molecular organized dynamic structure, nuclear mechanics, and metastatic progression may have powerful implications in cancer diagnostics and therapy disclosing innovation in targets of cancer cell invasion.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9689078
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-96890782022-11-25 The Sub-Molecular and Atomic Theory of Cancer Beginning: The Role of Mitochondria Balzanelli, Mario G. Distratis, Pietro Lazzaro, Rita Pham, Van H. Tran, Toai C. Dipalma, Gianna Inchingolo, Francesco Tomassone, Diego Aityan, Sergey K. Vergara, Sossio Nguyen, Kieu C. D. Isacco, Ciro Gargiulo Diagnostics (Basel) Article Life as we know it is made of strict interaction of atom, metabolism, and genetics, made around the chemistry of the most common elements of the universe: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and carbon. The interaction of atomic, metabolic, and genetic cycles results in the organization and de-organization of chemical information of what we consider living entities, including cancer cells. In order to approach the problem of the origin of cancer, it is therefore reasonable to start from the assumption that the atomic structure, metabolism, and genetics of cancer cells share a common frame with prokaryotic mitochondria, embedded in conditions favorable for the onset of both. Despite years of research, cancer in its general acceptation remains enigmatic. Despite the increasing efforts to investigate the complexity of tumorigenesis, complementing the research on genetic and biochemical changes, researchers face insurmountable limitations due to the huge presence of variabilities in cancer and metastatic behavior. The atomic level of all biological activities it seems confirmed the electron behavior, especially within the mitochondria. The electron spin may be considered a key factor in basic biological processes defining the structure, reactivity, spectroscopic, and magnetic properties of a molecule. The use of magnetic fields (MF) has allowed a better understanding of the grade of influence on different biological systems, clarifying the multiple effects on electron behavior and consequently on cellular changes. Scientific advances focused on the mechanics of the cytoskeleton and the cellular microenvironment through mechanical properties of the cell nucleus and its connection to the cytoskeleton play a major role in cancer metastasis and progression. Here, we present a hypothesis regarding the changes that take place at the atomic and metabolic levels within the human mitochondria and the modifications that probably drive it in becoming cancer cell. We propose how atomic and metabolic changes in structure and composition could be considered the unintelligible reason of many cancers’ invulnerability, as it can modulate nuclear mechanics and promote metastatic processes. Improved insights into this interplay between this sub-molecular organized dynamic structure, nuclear mechanics, and metastatic progression may have powerful implications in cancer diagnostics and therapy disclosing innovation in targets of cancer cell invasion. MDPI 2022-11-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9689078/ /pubmed/36359570 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112726 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Balzanelli, Mario G.
Distratis, Pietro
Lazzaro, Rita
Pham, Van H.
Tran, Toai C.
Dipalma, Gianna
Inchingolo, Francesco
Tomassone, Diego
Aityan, Sergey K.
Vergara, Sossio
Nguyen, Kieu C. D.
Isacco, Ciro Gargiulo
The Sub-Molecular and Atomic Theory of Cancer Beginning: The Role of Mitochondria
title The Sub-Molecular and Atomic Theory of Cancer Beginning: The Role of Mitochondria
title_full The Sub-Molecular and Atomic Theory of Cancer Beginning: The Role of Mitochondria
title_fullStr The Sub-Molecular and Atomic Theory of Cancer Beginning: The Role of Mitochondria
title_full_unstemmed The Sub-Molecular and Atomic Theory of Cancer Beginning: The Role of Mitochondria
title_short The Sub-Molecular and Atomic Theory of Cancer Beginning: The Role of Mitochondria
title_sort sub-molecular and atomic theory of cancer beginning: the role of mitochondria
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689078/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36359570
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112726
work_keys_str_mv AT balzanellimariog thesubmolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT distratispietro thesubmolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT lazzarorita thesubmolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT phamvanh thesubmolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT trantoaic thesubmolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT dipalmagianna thesubmolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT inchingolofrancesco thesubmolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT tomassonediego thesubmolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT aityansergeyk thesubmolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT vergarasossio thesubmolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT nguyenkieucd thesubmolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT isaccocirogargiulo thesubmolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT balzanellimariog submolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT distratispietro submolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT lazzarorita submolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT phamvanh submolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT trantoaic submolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT dipalmagianna submolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT inchingolofrancesco submolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT tomassonediego submolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT aityansergeyk submolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT vergarasossio submolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT nguyenkieucd submolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria
AT isaccocirogargiulo submolecularandatomictheoryofcancerbeginningtheroleofmitochondria