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Results of Numerical Modeling of Blood Flow in the Internal Jugular Vein Exhibiting Different Types of Strictures
The clinical relevance of nozzle-like strictures in upper parts of the internal jugular veins remains unclear. This study was aimed at understanding flow disturbances caused by such stenoses. Computational fluid dynamics software, COMSOL Multiphysics, was used. Two-dimensional computational domain i...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689302/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36428922 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112862 |
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author | Rashid, Anas Iqrar, Syed Atif Rashid, Aiman Simka, Marian |
author_facet | Rashid, Anas Iqrar, Syed Atif Rashid, Aiman Simka, Marian |
author_sort | Rashid, Anas |
collection | PubMed |
description | The clinical relevance of nozzle-like strictures in upper parts of the internal jugular veins remains unclear. This study was aimed at understanding flow disturbances caused by such stenoses. Computational fluid dynamics software, COMSOL Multiphysics, was used. Two-dimensional computational domain involved stenosis at the beginning of modeled veins, and a flexible valve downstream. The material of the venous valve was considered to be hyperelastic. In the vein models with symmetric 2-leaflets valve without upstream stenosis or with minor 30% stenosis, the flow was undisturbed. In the case of major 60% and 75% upstream stenosis, centerline velocity was positioned asymmetrically, and areas of reverse flow and flow separation developed. In the 2-leaflet models with major stenosis, vortices evoking flow asymmetry were present for the entire course of the model, while the valve leaflets were distorted by asymmetric flow. Our computational fluid dynamics modeling suggests that an impaired outflow from the brain through the internal jugular veins is likely to be primarily caused by pathological strictures in their upper parts. In addition, the jugular valve pathology can be exacerbated by strictures located in the upper segments of these veins. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9689302 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96893022022-11-25 Results of Numerical Modeling of Blood Flow in the Internal Jugular Vein Exhibiting Different Types of Strictures Rashid, Anas Iqrar, Syed Atif Rashid, Aiman Simka, Marian Diagnostics (Basel) Article The clinical relevance of nozzle-like strictures in upper parts of the internal jugular veins remains unclear. This study was aimed at understanding flow disturbances caused by such stenoses. Computational fluid dynamics software, COMSOL Multiphysics, was used. Two-dimensional computational domain involved stenosis at the beginning of modeled veins, and a flexible valve downstream. The material of the venous valve was considered to be hyperelastic. In the vein models with symmetric 2-leaflets valve without upstream stenosis or with minor 30% stenosis, the flow was undisturbed. In the case of major 60% and 75% upstream stenosis, centerline velocity was positioned asymmetrically, and areas of reverse flow and flow separation developed. In the 2-leaflet models with major stenosis, vortices evoking flow asymmetry were present for the entire course of the model, while the valve leaflets were distorted by asymmetric flow. Our computational fluid dynamics modeling suggests that an impaired outflow from the brain through the internal jugular veins is likely to be primarily caused by pathological strictures in their upper parts. In addition, the jugular valve pathology can be exacerbated by strictures located in the upper segments of these veins. MDPI 2022-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9689302/ /pubmed/36428922 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112862 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Rashid, Anas Iqrar, Syed Atif Rashid, Aiman Simka, Marian Results of Numerical Modeling of Blood Flow in the Internal Jugular Vein Exhibiting Different Types of Strictures |
title | Results of Numerical Modeling of Blood Flow in the Internal Jugular Vein Exhibiting Different Types of Strictures |
title_full | Results of Numerical Modeling of Blood Flow in the Internal Jugular Vein Exhibiting Different Types of Strictures |
title_fullStr | Results of Numerical Modeling of Blood Flow in the Internal Jugular Vein Exhibiting Different Types of Strictures |
title_full_unstemmed | Results of Numerical Modeling of Blood Flow in the Internal Jugular Vein Exhibiting Different Types of Strictures |
title_short | Results of Numerical Modeling of Blood Flow in the Internal Jugular Vein Exhibiting Different Types of Strictures |
title_sort | results of numerical modeling of blood flow in the internal jugular vein exhibiting different types of strictures |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689302/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36428922 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112862 |
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