New Zwitterionic Polymer as a Highly Effective Salt- and Calcium-Resistant Fluid Loss Reducer in Water-Based Drilling Fluids

To control the filtration loss of drilling fluids in salt–gypsum formations, a novel type of zwitterionic polymer gel (DNDAP) was synthesized by free radical polymerization, which was used as a salt- and calcium-resistant fluid loss reducer for water-based drilling fluids (WBDF). DNDAP was prepared with N, N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA), N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), Diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC), 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropaneonic acid (AMPS), and isopentenol polyether (TPEG) as raw materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) were used to characterize the composition and structure of the DNDAP copolymer. The thermal stability of DNDAP was evaluated by the use of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). WBDF with DNDAP was analyzed for zeta potential and particle size and the corresponding filter cake underwent energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The results showed that the thermal decomposition of DNDAP mainly occurred above 303 °C. DNDAP exhibits excellent rheological and filtration properties in water-based drilling fluids, even under high-temperature aging (up to 200 °C) and high salinity (20 wt% NaCl or 5 wt% CaCl(2)) environments. The strong adsorption effect of DNDAP makes the particle size of bentonite reasonably distributed to form a dense mud cake that reduces filtration losses.